2005-2018年通江县扩大国家免疫规划实施前后风疹流行特征

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rubella Before and After the Implementation of National Expanded Immunization Program in Tongjiang County From 2005 to 2018

目的了解通江县含风疹成分疫苗纳入扩大国家免疫规划实施前后风疹疫情变化情况及流行特征。方法通过《传染病报告信息管理系统》导出2005-2018年通江县风疹疫情资料,使用Excel 2016软件按扩大国家免疫规划实施前(2005-2008年)和实施后(2009-2018年)进行数据统计,采用描述流行病学分析疫情资料。率的比较使用SPSS 23.0软件进行χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2005-2018年通江县风疹年均发病率为3.43/10万。扩大国家免疫规划实施后年均发病率从实施前的10.87/10万降至0.54/10万;报告发病的乡镇比例从实施前的53.06%降至40.80%,病例均为散发,且实施前有病例报告的乡镇在实施后年均发病率降幅达20.96%~100.00%;男性年均发病率从实施前的12.08/10万降至0.54/10万,女性从实施前的9.61/10万降至0.53/10万。规划实施前以5~14岁儿童、学生发病为主(93.15%和91.78%),共发生5起中小学校风疹突发公共卫生事件;而实施后以0~4岁儿童、散居儿童发病为主(59.46%和48.65%)。规划实施前后均以春季和夏初发病为主(97.26%和64.86%)。结论通江县实施扩大国家免疫规划10年,风疹发病取得明显的控制效果,应进一步扎实开展扩大国家免疫规划和入托入学儿童预防接种证查验。

Objective To understand the changes and epidemiological characteristics of Rubella before and after Rubella-containing Vaccine was included in the national expanded immunization program.Methods The data of Rubella in Tongjiang county from 2005 to 2018 through the Information Management System for Infectious Disease Report were derived,and Excel 2016 software was used to analyze the data which was collected before and after the implementation of national expanded immunization program from 2005-2018 by descriptive epidemiology.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results The average annual incidence rate of Rubella in Tongjiang county was 3.43/105 from 2005 to 2018,and which was decreased from 10.87/105 to 0.54/105 after the implementation of the national expanded immunization program.The proportion of villages and towns with Rubella cases reported were decreased from 53.06%to 40.80%and all were sporadic,and the average annual incidence rates were decreased by 20.96%~100.00%after the implementation.By gender,the annual incidence rate of males decreased from 12.08/105 to 0.54/105,and females decreased from 9.61/105 to 0.53/105.Before the implementation,children and students aged 5~14 years old were the main patients,accounting for 93.15%and 91.78%,and there were 5 cases of school Rubella public health emergencies occurred.After the implementation,the incidence of the disease were mainly in children aged 0~4 and scattered children,accounting for 59.46%and 48.65%.Before and after implementation,most of the cases occurred in spring and early summer,accounting for 97.26%and 64.86%.Conclusion The national expanded immunization program in Tongjiang county has been implemented for 10 years,and achieved remarkable results.Therefore,it is necessary to further carry out the national expanded immunization program and the verification of the vaccination certificate.