2015-2019年绵阳市涪城区手足口病流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Fucheng District of Mianyang City From 2015 to 2019

目的了解2015-2019年绵阳市涪城区手足口病流行及病原特征,为手足口病防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,结合实验室RT-PCR检测结果,对2015-2019年绵阳市涪城区手足口病疫情资料进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2015-2019年共报告手足口病病例6702例,实验室诊断2706例,无暴发疫情和死亡病例报告,重症14例,报告发病率为242.98/10万,重症率0.21%,不同年度发病差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=531.46,P<0.001)。时间分布以4-7月为主,发病3119例(46.54%),10-12月次之,发病2120例(31.63%);1~4岁发病5581例(占83.27%),发病率为5670.65/10万,不同年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=147426.94,P<0.001);散居儿童发病3994例(59.59%),幼托儿童发病2448例(36.53%)。男性发病3954例(59.00%),发病率为287.09/10万,女性发病2748例(41.00%),发病率为198.99/10万,男性发病率高于女性(χ^(2)=220.80,P<0.001);城区发病4504例,发病率为223.38/10万,乡村发病2198例,发病率为296.26/10万,乡镇发病率高于城区(χ^(2)=110.84,P<0.001)。结论绵阳市涪城区手足口病发病年龄以5岁以下为主,散居儿童发病明显多于托幼儿童,男童发病率高于女童,建议涪城区继续加强手足口病的预防与控制工作,重视手足口病疫苗的接种。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2015 to 2019 so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of HFMD.Methods Statistical analysis was carried out on the data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2011 to 2018.The rates was compared by using chi-square tests.Results Totally,there were 6702 cases of HFMD reported from 2015 to 2019,and 2706 cases were diagnosed in the laboratory.No outbreaks and death cases were reported.There were 14 cases severely ill.The reported incidence rate was 242.98/105,and the severe ill rate was 0.21%.There were statistically significant differences of incidence rates of HFMD in different years(χ^(2)=531.46,P<0.001).Most cases were reported during April and July,with 3119 cases(46.54%)onset,followed by October to December,with 2120 cases(31.63%)onset.5581 cases(83.27%)aged from 1 to 4 years,with incidence rate of 5670.65/105.The incidence rates of HFMD among different age groups were statistically significant(χ^(2)=147426.94,P<0.001).There were 3994 cases(59.59%)of scattered children and 2448 cases(36.53%)of children in kindergartens.There were 3954 male cases(59.00%),with the incidence rate of 287.09/105,and the 2748 cases(41.00%)were females,with the incidence rate of 198.99/105.The incidence rate of HFMD in men was higher than that in women(χ^(2)=220.80,P<0.001).4504 cases were reported in urban areas,with an incidence rate of 223.38/105,and 2198 cases were reported in rural areas,with an incidence rate of 296.26/105.The incidence rate in townships was higher than that in urban areas(χ^(2)=110.84,P<0.001).Conclusion Most HFMD cases were under 5 years old in Fucheng District of Mianyang city.The incidence rate of HFMD in scattered children was higher than that in children in kindergartens.The incidence rate of HFMD in boys was higher than that in girls.Prevention and control of HFMD should be strengthened,as well as the vaccination of HFMD.