考虑动态备用需求曲线的电能量-备用耦合出清模型

Coupling Clearing Model of Energy and Reserve Considering Dynamic Operation Reserve Demand Curves

电力市场中,价格帽等原因会导致缺失收入(missing money)和发电容量充裕度不足等问题。以美国得克萨斯州为代表的备用需求曲线是国外电力市场解决此问题的成熟方法之一,但得克萨斯州的曲线是相对静态的曲线,且备用价格增量推导原理未明确公开。为此,文中通过考虑可再生能源、负荷预测的不确定性,以及不同品种的备用产品,制定动态备用需求曲线。基于电能量-备用耦合现货出清模型,推导了考虑备用需求曲线的现货价格公式,并分析了国外现有机制忽略的备用价格增量高阶项问题,并通过中国华东某省数据进行验证。结果表明,备用需求曲线可以体现稀缺定价,通过备用价格增量动态反映可再生能源、负荷等波动下的系统实时容量充裕度情况。通过稀缺定价机制可以合理提高电厂收入,有利于保障系统充裕度。

In the electricity market, the price caps and other reasons cause the"missing money", resulting in the problems such as the inadequacy of power generation capacity. The operation reserve demand curve(ORDC) represented by Texas in the United State is one of the mature methods for solving this problem in foreign electricity markets. However, the ORDC of Texas is relatively static, and the principle of deriving reserve price adder is not clearly disclosed to the public. To this end, the dynamic ORDC formula is derived by taking into account the uncertainties of renewable energy, load forecasting, and different reserve products. Based on the coupling clearing model of spot markets for energy and reserve, the spot price formula considering ORDC is derived, and the high-order item of reserve price adder ignored by foreign existing mechanisms is analyzed. Through the verification of data from a province in East China, the results show that ORDC can reflect scarcity pricing, and the reserve price adders can dynamically reflect the real-time reserve capacity adequacy of the power system with fluctuations of renewables and loads. The proposed mechanism can increase the income of power plants through scarcity pricing, which is conducive to ensuring the adequacy of power system capacity.