性别与慢性肾脏病

Gender and chronic kidney disease

全球范围内的慢性肾脏病发病率越来越高,该病大大增加了终末期肾病的风险,寻找慢性肾脏病的发生发展危险因素,显得尤为重要。性别是否是肾脏疾病进展的危险因素,目前尚存在争议。在人类队列研究中,无论是在糖尿病肾病还是非糖尿病肾病,性别差异均有不一致的结果。在大部分研究中,女性似乎表现出一定的性别优势,其中,性激素、肾脏血流动力学以及生活方式的差异可能起着重要的作用,特别是性激素的作用尤为突出与复杂,研究性别影响肾脏疾病进展的潜在机制值得进一步探讨。该文综述了糖尿病及非糖尿病慢性肾脏病的性别差异以及可能的机制,以期为后续研究作参考。

The incidence of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide, which greatly increases the risk of end-stage renal disease. It is particularly important to find out the risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Whether gender is a risk factor for the progression of kidney disease remains controversial with inconsistent results in human cohort studies with diabetic or non-diabetic kidney disease. In most of the studies, women seem to exhibit certain gender advantages. Sex hormones, renal hemodynamics and lifestyle differences may play an important role. The underlying mechanism of gender affecting the progression of kidney disease deserves further exploration. This article reviews the gender differences and possible mechanisms in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease, in order to provide reference for future research.