论孟晚舟引渡案中双重犯罪原则的审查

On the Examination of the Principle of Double Crime Take the case of Meng Wanzhou as the Example

引渡中双重犯罪审查的经典表述是“根据请求国和被请求国的法律都构成犯罪”。从包括加拿大引渡法规定的各国通行规则看,被请求国往往并不将请求国法律作为双重犯罪审查的法律依据。孟晚舟案中的霍姆斯法官从抽象和具体角度,采用“犯罪事实置换法”,用美国制裁法补充和补全了加拿大刑法规定的欺诈罪构成要件。该判决思路与犯罪审查的同一性及其功能存在相违背之处,并给案件后续发展带来更多不利影响。

The classic expression of double criminal review in extradition is“both constitute a crime according to the law of the requesting country and the requested country”.Judging from the common rules of various countries including Canada’s extradition law,the requested country does not always take the law of the requested country as the legal basis of double criminal examination.Judge Holmes in Meng Wanzhou’s case,from an abstract and concrete perspective,adopted the“substitution of criminal facts law”to supplement and complete the constituent elements of the fraud crime stipulated in the Canadian criminal law with the American sanctions law.The thought of the judgment is contrary to the identity and function of the criminal review,and brings more adverse effects to the subsequent development of the case.