中国崛起背景下的涉外金融安全问题与对策

Problems and Countermeasures of Financial Security Concerning Foreign Affairs under the Background of China’s Rise

中国崛起背景下的涉外金融安全问题,主要表现在三个方面,即资本账户开放的安全问题、外汇储备资产或外汇资产的安全问题、国际支付结算体系的安全问题。导致中国涉外金融安全问题的外部原因是本币不具备储备货币的国际地位,需要从外部获得储备货币,必然缺乏安全;人民币汇率的信用依靠美元等储备货币背书,中国经济崛起也曾经依赖美元顺差;美国可以利用美元账户对资金、资产交易、跨境支付结算等,实施行政处罚、限制、冻结等制裁,乃至剔除出账户系统。内部原因是中国经济崛起,美国要打压和制裁;金融开放如果在汇率制度选择、外汇管制和管控上处理不当,允许储备货币资金完全自由进出而无约束,则必然存在金融危机的可能;国际收支失衡导致涉外金融缺乏安全。解决涉外金融安全问题应从四个方面着手:一是通过货币互换和多元化投资等方式保障外汇(储备)资产安全;二是通过提倡主权货币计价、支付、结算、融资,以及开展相关制度设计等方式建设好交易和支付结算系统;三是把握好资本账户开放;四是做好人民币国际化的基础工作。

The foreign-related financial security issues under the background of China’s rise are mainly manifested in three aspects,the security issues of capital account opening,the security issues of foreign exchange reserve assets or foreign exchange assets,and the security issues of the international payment and settlement system.The external cause of China’s foreign-related financial security issues is that the domestic currency does not have the international status of a reserve currency,therefore,it is necessary to obtain reserve currency from outside,which is bound to lack security;The credit of the RMB exchange rate relies on the endorsement of reserve currencies such as the U.S.dollar,and the rise of China’s economy once relied on the U.S.dollar surplus;The United States can use US dollar accounts to impose administrative penalties,restrictions,freezes and other sanctions on funds,asset transactions,cross-border payment settlements,etc.,and even eliminate the account system.The internal reason is the rise of China’s economy,and the United States wants to suppress and sanction;If financial liberalization has improperly handled on the choice of exchange rate system,foreign exchange control,and the reserve currency funds are allowed to enter and exit completely without restriction,there is bound to be the possibility of a financial crisis;The imbalance of international payments has led to a lack of security in foreign-related finance.The resolution of foreign-related financial security issues should start from four aspects:The first is to ensure the security of foreign exchange(reserve)assets through currency swaps and diversified investments;the second is to establish a trading and payment settlement system by advocating sovereign currency pricing,payment,settlement,financing,and the development of related system design;The third is to grasp the capital account opening;the fourth is enhance the basis of RMB internationalization.