秦迁陵县粮仓设置体系探讨--以出粮机构粮食来源问题为中心

An Investigation of Qianling's Granary Setting System:Focus on the Issue of Grain Expenditure Institutions’s Grain Source

除仓官外,秦迁陵县内的出粮机构还包括田官、离乡及司空等。它们并非都建有独立粮仓,所出粮食的来源也不尽一致。田官不设粮仓,它的出粮地是公共粮仓中的一间专属仓房。离乡建有供应该乡粮食开支的独立粮仓,且粮仓数量与该乡人口规模有关。小乡可能仅有一座粮仓,故有时会产生因储备不足而需要仓官额外输粮的问题。司空、发弩及■舍三者既未建有独立粮仓,也不如田官那般在公共粮仓内占有一间仓房,它们向外供应的粮食全都是由仓官转输。总之,秦迁陵县内设置的粮仓包括县级公共粮仓和离乡粮仓两类。田官、司空、发弩及舍虽承担了部分出粮职能,但并未给县内粮仓体系带来影响。

Besides the county granary(县仓), the grain expenditure institution in a Qin county consists of the office of agriculture(田官), affiliate township(离乡), and the director of works(司空). Not all of these institutions have independent granary, and the grain source of them are different. The office of agriculture does not have its own granary, and its grain source is an exclusive storing room in the public granaries.The affiliate township builds its own granary for local requirement of distributing grains. The number of the granaries in an affiliate township is influenced by the township’s population. A small township might only builds one granary, thus sometimes the granary would use up stores and rely on the grains transported from the county granary. The director of works, Fanu(发弩)and Sishe(■)do not build their own granaries,nor do they have exclusive storing rooms in the public granaries like the office of agriculture. The grains distributed by these three institutions are all transported from the county granary. Based on the above conclusion, we could know that the granaries set in a Qin county consists of county level granary and township level granary. While institutions like the office of agriculture undertake part of the grain expenditure work, they do not influence the granary setting system in the county.