民国时期商检新政的推行与贸易危机应对--以出口蛋品为考察中心

The Implementation of the New Policy of Commodity Inspection and the Response to Trade Crisis in the Republic of China:Focusing on the Export of Egg Products

商品检验是国际贸易中不可或缺的重要环节。20世纪初,我国蛋品出口数量迅速增长,由此引发的商品纠纷也愈加频繁,而检验环节几乎缺失。1928年南京国民政府颁布《商品出口检验暂行规则》,次年成立官方机构,开始实施自主检验。其中包括对蛋品建立出口标准,科学严格地执行检验;深入蛋品生产加工环节进行改良指导;主导实施蛋业救济等。这一过程不仅有效地提高了蛋品质量,减少贸易失利因素,而且对新旧变革期的蛋业及相关行业发展,增加我国对外贸易中的话语权都有重要作用。但由于战争和检验本身的不足,南京国民政府的检政实践最终未能完全化解蛋业危机。

Commodity inspection is an indispensable and important link in the international trade.At the beginning of the 20th century,the export quantity of egg products in Our country increased rapidly,but the disputes caused by the commodities themselves became more frequent,and the inspection link was almost absent.In 1928,Nanjing National Government promulgated the Provisional Rules for Inspection of Export of Commodities.In the following year,some official organizations were established to carry out independent inspection.Among them,the establishment of export standards for eggs,scientific and strict implementation of inspection,in-depth guidance on the improvement of egg production and processing,leading the implementation of egg industry relief and so on.This process not only effectively enhance the quality of egg and reduce trade loss factors,but also play an important role in the development of egg industry and related industries in the new and old reform period and increases the discourse power in China's foreign trade.However,due to the occurrence of the war and the shortcomings of the inspection itself,the examination policy of Nanjing National Government finally failed to resolve the crisis of egg industry completely.