新业态从业人员职业伤害保障制度探讨——基于平台经济头部企业的研究

Discussion on the Occupational Injury Insurance System for Practitioners in New Business——Research on the Top Enterprises Based on the Platform Economy

受就业形态复杂、劳动关系判定难和现行社会保险(1)制度门槛设置等因素的制约,新业态从业人员获得的社会保障权益与传统从业者相比明显不足。商业意外险的部分失灵和公平性不足使得新业态从业人员在重大职业伤害保障方面的问题尤其突出。基于对部分网约车、外卖、快递等平台经济头部企业的研究,本文梳理了相关企业从业人员职业伤害保障的现实困境与政策障碍,总结了欧美国家"零工经济"从业人员保障的最新立法实践,对制度设计的几个关键问题进行了辨析。基于当前国情,建议在政策路径上允许劳动关系与社会保险权益适当分离,暂不主张提供完全社会保险权益,建议建立"社会保险责任分担,保障基本,商业经办"的新业态从业人员职业伤害保障制度。

Restricted by the complexity of employment forms, the difficulty in determining labor relations and the threshold setting of the current social security system, the social security rights and interests of employees in new formats are obviously insufficient compared with those of traditional practitioners.Due to the partial failure and lack of fairness of commercial accident insurance, the problem of major occupational injury of employees in new business is particularly prominent.Based on the investigation, this paper deeply combs the practical difficulties and policy obstacles of occupational injury protection for employees in some enterprises in the platform economy, summarizes the latest legislative practice of employees protection in "odd jobs economy" in European and American countries, and analyzes several key issues of system design.Based on the current national conditions, in the policy path, we should allow "appropriate separation of labor relations and social insurance rights and interests", not advocate complete social insurance rights and interests for the time being, and establish a new occupational injury protection system of "responsibility sharing, basic protection and commercial operation".