儿童增高座椅安全带约束路径研究

Research on Seat Belt Restraint Path for Child Booster Seats

儿童乘员使用成人安全带约束的儿童增高座椅在发生正面碰撞时,会出现肩部安全带过于接近颈部以及腰部安全带从盆骨滑移的现象,从而导致颈部拉力和弯矩过大,以及造成腹部压力过大的情况。针对该问题进行研究,通过对肩带导向及腰带导向的不同位置进行优化组合,寻找能有效改善该问题的安全带约束路径,同时减少儿童乘员受到的伤害。研究结果表明,安全带约束路径经过优化后可有效改善上述现象,同时也有效地提升了儿童乘坐安全性,其中上颈部拉力减小了21.0%,上颈部弯矩减小了21.8%,儿童乘员的头部和胸部损伤指标也显著下降。

When the adult seat belt is used by a child occupant in the booster seat in frontal collisions,the shoulder belt is too close to the neck and the waist belt slips from the pelvis,resulting in excessive neck tension,neck bending moments and abdominal pressure.The seat belt restraint path which can effectively solve this problem and reduce child occupant injury was found by studying the combinations of different positions of the shoulder belt guide and the waist belt guide.The results show that the optimized seat belt path can effectively enhance the safety of child occupants.The upper neck tension force is reduced by 21.0%and the upper neck bending moment is reduced by 21.8%.The head and chest injury indicators of child occupants have also been significantly reduced.