营商环境、中小企业成长与地区创新能力

Bussiness Enviroment,SMEs Growth and Regional Innovation Capabilities

在构建国际可比且兼顾高质量发展转型的中国特色营商环境指数(BEI)的基础上,综合运用面板可行的广义最小二乘估计(FGLS)、扩展回归模型(ERM)和差分广义矩方法(DIFF-GMM)深入研究了2007~2016年省际营商环境和中小企业成长对地区创新能力的影响。研究表明:营商环境建设有利于地区创新能力提升,且可通过助推中小企业成长产生更为强大的创新“涟漪效应”;在营商环境不断优化的背景下,中型企业更偏好带动地区研发投入强度的增大,而小型企业则擅长研发专利成果的增进;广大中小企业在是否采取推动属地创新的行为意愿上,更看重企业自身的盈利能力而非资产规模;西部地区的营商环境建设具有显著的“小企业”偏向,而中部地区则有进一步陷入营商环境创新红利的“洼地”风险。经过稳健性验证之后,结论依然成立。这为各级政府科学评估本地营商环境的创新驱动效果以便更好服务本地中小企业发展提供了全新的施策思路。

On the basis of building an internationally comparable business environment index(BEI)with Chinese characteristics that takes into account high-quality development and transformation,this paper comprehensively uses panel feasible generalized least squares estimation(FGLS),extended regression model(ERM)and differential generalized moment method(DIFF-GMM)to deeply study the impact of inter-provincial business environment and SMEs growth on regional innovation capabilities from 2007 to 2016.Research shows that the construction of business environment is conducive to the improvement of regional innovation capabilities,and it can generate more powerful innovation“ripple effects”by promoting the growth of SMEs.In the context of continuous optimization of the business environment,medium-sized enterprises prefer to drive the expansion of regional R&D investment intensity,while small-sized enterprises are good at improving R&D patent.The majority of SMEs are more concerned about the profitability of the enterprise than the scale of assets in terms of willingness to promote local innovation.The business environment construction in the western region has a significant“small business”bias,while the central region has the risk of being“slumped”further into the business environment innovation bonus.After the robustness test,the conclusion is still valid.This provides a new strategy for governments at all levels to scientifically evaluate the innovation-driven effects of the local business environment in order to better serve the development of local SMEs.