甘蔗间套种/轮种玉米模式调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Modes of Sugarcane Intercropping with Maize and Sugarcane-maize Rotation

甘蔗是我国重要的糖料作物,对我国食糖安全起重要作用。但由于人工成本、地租等生产成本不断升高,导致甘蔗效益逐年减少。因此,如何提高单位面积甘蔗效益是当前甘蔗产业面临的重大问题。采用文献数据、面上调查、数据收集、实地调查和试验结果相结合的调查方法,进行比较分析我国甘蔗间套种玉米历史和现阶段主要模式进行差异分析。宿根蔗间套种玉米主要有每行间种和隔行间种二行两种模式,且宿根蔗间套种模式当前只能靠人工操作,规模化发展难度大;新植蔗间套种玉米的主要方式有等行距每行种植、等行距隔行种植、宽窄行间套种(宽行2.4~3.2米)等模式,但是等行距间套种无法机械化种植难以推广,而宽窄行间套种模式适合机械种植但严重影响单位面积甘蔗苗数;甘蔗轮作玉米能实现机械化种植和管理,但是只能在甘蔗良种繁育基地推广应用。因此,选择适合的间套种品种和合理种植模式还值得进一步研究。

Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in China and plays an important role in sugar safety.However,due to the rising labor cost and land rent,the efficiency of sugarcane decreases year by year.Therefore,how to improve the efficiency of sugarcane per unit area is a important issue to the sugarcane industry at present.Combining literature data,interview investigation,data collection,field investigation with experimental analysis,the history and main modes of sugarcane intercropping with maize in China were compared and analyzed.There are mainly two modes in ratoon sugarcane intercropping with maize which is interplanting per row and interplanting per tow row and the ratoon sugarcane intercropping with maize can only rely on artificial cultivation at present,which is difficult for large-scale development.The main modes of newplant sugarcane intercropping with maize include the modes of planting in each row with row equal spacing,interplanting with equal spacing,interplanting with wide and narrow rows(2.4-3.2m wide),etc.However,interplanting with equal spacing can’t be promoted because it’s not suitable for mechanized planting,and the interplanting with wide and narrow rows is suitable for mechanical planting but seriously affects the number of sugarcane seedlings per unit area.Sugarcane-maize rotation can realize mechanized planting and management,but it can only be applied in sugarcane variety breedingbase.Therefore,the further study for selecting suitable interplanting varieties and suitable planting modes a further research is required.