“后疫情时期”武汉市某三甲医院护理人员创伤后应激障碍、职业倦怠与离职倾向分析

Investigation on post-traumatic stress disorder,job burnout and turnover intention of nurses in a third-class hospital in Wuhan after COVID-19

目的分析"后疫情时期"护理人员创伤后应激障碍、职业倦怠情况和离职倾向。方法便利抽取武汉市某三甲医院护理人员299名,采用一般资料问卷、创伤后应激障碍量表平民版(PCL-C)、职业倦怠量表(MBI)、护士离职倾向量表(TIQ)调查护理人员的人口学特征及创伤后应激障碍、职业倦怠与离职意愿情况,采用多元线性回归分析护理人员离职倾向的影响因素。结果护理人员创伤后应激障碍阳性症状检出率为39.1%。职业倦怠量表中,87.2%的护理人员存在不同程度的情感耗竭,82.6%的护理人员存在不同程度的去人格化,83.9%的护理人员存在不同程度的个人成就感低下。护士离职倾向量表得分显示,25.8%的护理人员离职倾向较低,60.2%的离职倾向较高,13.0%的离职倾向很高。多元线性回归结果显示:工作年限、用工类型、情感耗竭、去人格化能够解释护士离职倾向的27.9%,其中工作年限越长、合同制的护理人员有较低的离职倾向;情感耗竭与去人格化对离职倾向有正向影响(调整R2=0.279,F=29.891,P<0.01)。结论该三甲医院护理人员存在创伤后应激障碍和职业倦怠,且离职倾向较高;创伤后应激障碍与职业倦怠是离职倾向的影响因素。护理管理部门应该关注护士的身心健康,及时给予心理干预,注重人文关怀。

Objective To analyze the post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),job burnout and turnover intention of nurses after COVID-19. Methods A total of 299 nurses were studied in a third-class hospital in Wuhan. General information questionnaire,posttraumatic stress disorder scale(civilian version,PCL-C),job burnout scale,Maslach burnout inventor(MBI)and Turnover intention questionnaire(TIQ)were used to survey post-traumatic stress disorder,job burnout and turnover intention of nurses. The influencing factors of turnover intention of nurses were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results The positive rate of PTSD was 39.1% among this population;87.2% of nurses had various degrees of emotional exhaustion,82.6% of nurses had various degrees of depersonalization,and 83.9% of nurses had various degrees of low personal achievement. The score of turnover intention scale showed that 25.8% of nurses had low turnover intention,60.2% had high turnover intention,and 13.0% had highest turnover intention. Multiple linear regression results showed that professional employment time,employment type,emotional exhaustion and depersonalization could explain27.9% of nurses’ turnover intention. Nurses who worked for longer time and were employed by temporary contract had lower turnover intention,while emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had impact on turnover intention(adjusted R2=0.279,F = 29.891,P < 0.01). Conclusions There were post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and job burnout among nurses in the third-class hospital,and their turnover intention was high. PTSD and job burnout were the influencing factors of turnover intention. The hospital should pay attention to the physical and mental health of nurses,give timely psychological intervention and humanistic care.