广州市某造船厂工人颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

Influencing factors of neck work related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a shipyard in Guangzhou

目的调查广州市某造船厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)患病情况,探讨影响颈部WMSDs的主要因素。方法以广州市某造船厂工作人员为研究对象,采用《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(修改版)》调查其WMSDs患病情况,运用多因素logistic回归分析颈部WMSDs的影响因素。结果148名造船厂工作人员的WMSDs总患病率为45.9%,其中患病率最高的部位是颈部(31.1%),其他依次为肩部(27.0%)、下背部(21.6%)、上背部(16.2%)、腿部(14.9%)、膝部(14.9%)、肘部(14.9%)、踝部(13.5%)和手部(13.5%)。各工种中打磨工和电焊工颈部WMSDs患病率较高,分别为50.0%和41.7%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,颈部WMSDs的独立危险因素是每天从事同样的工作(OR=9.65,95%CI:1.77~52.61)和上肢用力(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.06~5.60),休息时间充足是颈部WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.16~0.92)。结论造船厂工人WMSDs患病率较高,其中颈部较为常见,其危险因素主要包括不良工作姿势及不合理的劳动组织。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) among workers in a shipyard in Guangzhou,and to explore the main factors affecting neck WMSDs. Methods The WMSDs of workers in a shipyard in Guangzhou were investigated by Nordic musculoskeletal disease questionnaire(revised version),and the influencing factors of neck WMSDs were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 148 shipyard workers,the total prevalence of WMSDs was 45.9%. The highest prevalence was in the neck(31.1%),followed by the shoulder(27.0%),lower back(21.6%),upper back(16.2%),leg(14.9%),knee(14.9%),elbow(14.9%),ankle(13.5%) and the hand(13.5%). The prevalence of WMSDs in the neck of workers engaged in grinding and welding was 50.0% and41.7%,respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of neck WMSDs were daily repetition of certain manipulation(OR = 9.65,95%CI:1.77-52.61) and upper limb exertion(OR = 2.43,95%CI:1.06-5.60). Adequate working break was the protective factor of neck WMSDs(OR = 0.38,95%CI:0.16-0.92).Conclusions The WMSDs prevalence of workers in shipyard workers was high,especially in the neck. The risk factors included poor working posture and unreasonable labor organization.