孤独症谱系障碍儿童早期神经发育水平和智能特征分析

Analysis of Early Neural Developmental Levels and Intelligence Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

目的:探讨孤独症谱系障碍(Autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童早期神经发育水平及智能分区特征,为提高ASD的早期识别和诊断提供理论依据。方法:运用Gesell发育评估量表对18月龄至48月龄以内的27例ASD患儿和30例发育迟缓(Mental retardation, MR)患儿的发育商(Development quotient,DQ)进行测评,比较两组患儿的年龄、性别、平均DQ和各能区DQ。结果:两组患儿的年龄和性别未见明显差异(P>0.05),ASD患儿平均DQ落后于MR患儿(P<0.05),ASD患儿的语言和个人-社交明显落后于MR患儿(P<0.05),ASD患儿的语言和个人-社交明显落后于大运动、精细动作(P<0.05),语言明显落后于个人-社交和适应性(P<0.05),MR患儿的各能区未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:ASD患儿智能特征表现为整体发育水平落后且显著不平衡,以语言和个人-社交落后最明显。

Objective: To discuss the early neuraldevelopmental level and intelligence characteristic in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and provide evidence for the early identification and diagnosis. Methods: The developmental quotient(DQ) of27 children with ASD and 30 children with mental retardation(MR) aged between 18 months and 48 months were measured by Gesell scale. The age, gender, mean DQ and DQ of each intelligence zonings were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the age and gender(P>0.05), the average DQ of ASD children was lower than that of MR children(P<0.05), ASD children’s language and personal-social clearly lag behind their gross motor and fine motor skills(P<0.05) and their language lag behind personal-social and social intercourse ability as well(P<0.05), the DQ in each intelligence zonings of MR children is no obviously different(P>0.05).Conclusion: The intelligence characteristics of ASD children is overall backward and significant imbalance, especially language and personal-social backwardness.