从企业“优胜劣汰”视角看中国能源产业市场化改革成效研究

Research on the Effect of Market Reform of Energy Industry——Based on the Perspective of“Survival of the Fittest”

能源产业的市场化改革效果,对总体经济的高质量发展和碳排放效率都具有重要影响,但目前缺乏对其市场化改革成效的定量测度研究。本文基于市场化改革的目标—企业“优胜劣汰”的视角研究了能源产业市场化改革成效,并提出未来改革的政策建议。利用面板Logit模型和中国工业企业数据库的175,176个能源企业样本进行研究发现,市场化程度与“优胜劣汰”的市场机制显著正相关,能源产业总体实现了市场化改革目标,所有制和区域因素影响程度在减弱,但国有能源企业内部“优胜劣汰”的市场机制仍不明显。为此,未来应以加强市场有效竞争为导向,深化能源产业的市场化改革政策,包括加强国有企业改革、优化竞争主体,建立线上线下能源交易市场、完善价格形成机制,加强政府监管与公共服务、改善市场竞争环境等。

The effect of market-oriented reform of the energy industry has an important impact on the highquality development of the overall economy and the carbon emission efficiency,however,there is a lack of quantitative measurement research on the effect of market-oriented reform.Therefore,based on the main goal of market-oriented reform—the perspective of“survival of the fittest”of enterprises,this paper studies the results of market-oriented reform of the energy industry and puts forward policy suggestions for future reform.Using the Panel Logit model and a sample of 175,176 energy companies from the China Industrial Enterprise Database,the study finds that the energy industry has basically realized the market mechanism of“survival of the fittest”,and the reform has a significant effect on the improvement of the market mechanism of large and medium-sized enterprises.However,the market mechanism of“survival of the fittest”within state-owned energy enterprises is still not obvious.Therefore,in the future,marketoriented reform policies of the energy industry should be oriented towards strengthening effective market competition,including strengthening the reform of state-owned enterprises,optimizing the competition subjects,establishing the online and offline energy trading market,improving the price formation mechanism,strengthening government supervision and public services,and improving the market competition environment.