环境法与生态化民法典的协同

The Coordination of Environmental Law with the Ecologicalized Civil Code

传统法律领域应对现代意义环境问题的转型调整趋势可概括为“生态化”,从民法典相关内容来看,系统地体现了民法生态化的理论设想。生态化的民法典使环境法与民法典的协同成为可能,为实现与民法典协同的目标,环境法须唤醒自身固有的私法逻辑,并明确其在权利、义务、责任等层次的基本面向。在权利层次上,应把环境权作为环境法中私法意义权利的集中体现,明确其人格权属性,并推进环境权的确认路径从具体人格权到一般人格权具体化的演进。在义务层次上,应阐明环境法中私法义务形成的基础,对其作出积极义务和消极义务的划分。在责任层次上,应以明确环境侵权责任逻辑构架为前提,对其进行类型化梳理。在环境法语境中,应将因环境权侵害所致环境侵权责任的判断和侵害环境公共利益所致生态环境修复责任的实际履行作为研究重点。

The trend of transformation of traditional law in response to modern environmental problems can be described as“ecologicalization”.The relevant contents of the Civil Code systematically reflect the theoretical assumption of the ecologicalization of civil law.The ecologicalized Civil Code makes it possible for the coordination of environmental law with the Civil Code.In order to work in coordination with the Civil Code,environmental law needs to revive its private law logic and redefine the fields of rights,obligations and liabilities.In the field of rights,environmental rights should be regarded as the core of private legal rights in environmental law.By clarifying the personality right attribute of environmental rights,the path to recognizing environmental rights should evolve from treating it as a specific personality right to specification of the general personality right.In the field of obligation,it is necessary to clarify the origin of private law obligation in environmental law,and distinguish between positive obligation and negative obligation.In the field of liability,the types of liability should be identified based on a clear construction of environmental tort liability.In the context of environmental law,the focus should be placed on the determination of the liability caused by the infringement of environmental rights and the performance of environmental restoration caused by the infringement of environmental public interests.