HIV自我快速检测试剂使用现状调查

A survey on current situation of HIV self-testing kits use

目的了解目前网络销售的艾滋病病毒(HIV)自我快速检测试剂使用现状。方法针对自检过程涉及的各环节设计调查问卷;2019年6-9月,通过HIV感染高危人群社区组织微信群、QQ群和微博招募HIV自我快检试剂使用者,通过微信和QQ在电脑或手机端完成问卷。结果共6042人完成网络问卷调查,年龄中位数为26岁(15~88岁),大学及以上73.2%(4422人),全职工作者4013人(66.4%)。最近一次自检时,选用指尖血快检试剂的占45.5%,选择指尖血+口腔黏膜渗出液(OMT)组合试剂者占26.9%。离退人员选用OMT检测试剂的占32.2%,选用尿液试剂的占7.7%。绝大多数人认为保护隐私是HIV自检最主要的优点,缺乏相关咨询服务是HIV自检最主要的缺点。HIV自检发现阳性的比例为7.0%(421/6042),使用指尖血、OMT和尿液检测试剂检出阳性的比例分别为8.8%(241/2752)、6.9%(55/798)和4.9%(36/739)。50.4%自检后将试剂和生活垃圾一起丢弃。结论HIV自检发现了相当比例的阳性者,快检试剂的选用和处理存在一定的知识和风险控制需求,建议利用网络向潜在自检者提供检测前咨询,同时基于社区加强检测后结果解释、废弃物处理等宣传教育,做好自检后咨询及与后续诊疗服务的紧密连接。

Objective To understand the status of current HIV self-testing kits use.Methods An anonymous online survey questionnaire was designed based on different steps of the HIV self-testing process.From June to September 2019,people who purchased and used online HIV self-testing kits were recruited through WeChat group,QQ group,and Weibo.The respondents completed the the questionnaire on WeChat or QQ on computers or mobile phones.Results There were a total of 6042 respondents in the survey and their median age was 26(15-88)years old.The vast majority were collegelevel or above(4422,73.2%),and 4013(66.4%)were full-time workers.The fingertip blood test kits were the main choice(45.5%)for all age groups of the last self-test.Compared with urine test kits use(7.7%),the elderly were more inclined to choose OMT(32.2%).4270(70.7%)believed that privacy protection was the most important advantage of HIV self-testing,and 3214(53.2%)deemed the lack of related counselling services as the most important disadvantage.The proportion of positive detection by the fingertip blood test kits was 8.8%(241/2752),6.9%(55/798)by OMT and4.9%(36/739)by urine test kits.15.9%and 37.3%did not seek any counselling or support before and after self-testing.50.4%disposed the waste material of testing kits with household waste.Conclusion There are significant proportion of HIV positives detected by HIV self-testing.There are certain knowledge and risk control requirements in the selection of self-testing kits.It is suggested to provide counselling to the self-testers through the internet,and strengthen publicity and education on result interpretation and waste disposal based on the community,so as to strengthen post-test consultation and follow-up diagnosis and treatment services.