过渡金属催化合成吡咯-2-甲酸酯的研究进展

Progress in the Synthesis of Pyrrole-2-carboxylate Catalyzed by Transition Metals

吡咯-2-甲酸酯广泛存在于生物活性分子中,在医药领域具有十分重要的应用,因此吡咯-2-甲酸酯类化合物的合成研究受到了广泛关注.过渡金属催化的环加成反应在合成吡咯骨架方面应用广泛,具有区域选择性专一的优点.且过渡金属配体导向的C-N键构筑方法具有原子步骤经济性较高、效率高、反应条件温和以及选择性高等优点.按照过渡金属催化剂分类,对吡咯-2-甲酸酯的[3+2]、[4+1]与[2+2+1]等成环反应的合成方法进行综述,介绍了过渡金属催化吡咯-2-甲酸酯化合物的机理及其应用,并对吡咯-2-甲酸酯的合成进行了展望.

Pyrrole-2-carboxylates exist widely in biologically active molecules and have many important applications in the field of medicine. Therefore, the synthesis of pyrrole-2-carboxylates has received extensive attention. The transition metalcatalyzed cycloaddition reactions are widely used in the synthesis of pyrrole skeletons and have the advantages of regioselectivity. The formation methods of C-N bonds directed by transition metal ligand have some advantages, such as milder reaction conditions, higher atomic step economy, efficiency and selectivity. The reactions of [3+2], [4+1] and [2+2+1] cycloaddition are reviewed, and the reaction mechanism and application of pyrrole-2-carboxylate compounds are introduced under various transition-metal conditions. The prospects of the synthesis of pyrrole-2-carboxylates are also discussed.