佛山市2012-2019哨点医院儿童流感监测分析

Surveillance of influenza in children at sentinel hospitals in Foshan City,2012-2019

目的分析佛山市儿童群体中流感病毒的流行特征,为儿童流感防控提供科学依据。方法收集2012—2019年佛山市流感监测哨点医院报告的流感样病例资料,采集流感样病例咽拭子标本用实时荧光RT-PCR检测流感病毒,对监测结果进行统计学分析。结果2012—2019共检测儿童流感样病例4441例,流感病毒核酸阳性636例,阳性率为14.32%,阳性标本中甲流占63.68%,乙流占36.32%;12月—次年3月是佛山市儿童流感高发月份,四个季节均以甲流为优势毒株,新甲流H1N1在春季阳性率较高,季节性甲流H3N2在夏、秋、冬阳性率较高。YamagataT系(BY)在春、秋、冬阳性率较高,Victoria系(BV)在夏季阳性率较高;按年龄组分析,0~5岁儿童流感样病例最多,但流感阳性率不高,6~14岁儿童流感样病例较少,但Victoria系阳性率较高;不同性别儿童流感阳性率差异无统计学意义,不同类型、不同亚型流感在不同性别间构成比差异亦无统计学意义。结论佛山市儿童流感以甲流为主,乙流低水平流行。新甲流H1N1、季节性甲流H3N2、BV、BY四种类型流感毒株在佛山市儿童中交替或共同流行。当地儿童应加强流感疫苗接种。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza viruses among children in Foshan City so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza in children.Methods We collected influenza-like cases reported by influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Foshan City from 2012 to 2019.Pharyngeal swab specimens of the influenza-like cases were collected,and real-time fluorescent RT-PCR was used to detect influenza viruses.The monitoring results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 4,441 cases of children with influenza-like illness were detected from 2012 to 2019,and 636 cases were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid,with a positive rate of 14.32%.Among the positive specimens,influenza virus A accounted for 63.68%and influenza virus B 36.32%.The months with high incidence of influenza in children in Foshan City were found from December to March of the following year.The four seasons were all dominated by influenza virus A.The positive rate of new influenza A(H1 N1)virus in spring was higher,while the positive rates of seasonal H3 N2 influenza virus in summer,autumn and winter were higher.The positive rates of influenza B-Yamagata lineage virus in spring,autumn and winter were higher,while the positive rate of influenza B-Victoria lineage virus in summer was higher.Subsequent analysis by age group showed that the influenza-like cases were mainly distributed in children aged 0-5 years,but the positive rates of influenza viruses were not high.The influenza-like cases were seldom distributed in children aged 6-14 years,but the positive rate of influenza B-Victoria lineage virus was higher.No statistically significant differences were found in the positive rates of influenza viruses as well as in the proportions of different types and subtypes of influenza viruses between male and female children.Conclusions Influenza in children in Foshan City was mainly caused by influenza virus A,and low levels of influenza virus B were detected.Four types of influenza viruses,new influenza A(H1 N1)virus,seasonal H3 N2 influenza virus,B-Victoria lineage virus and B-Yamagata lineage virus alternated or were co-prevalent among children in Foshan City.Influenza vaccination should be strengthened among the local children.