权利失效制度论略

On the Rule of the Right Invalidation

权利失效制度是大陆法系国家基于诚实信用原则确立的一项权利行使的限制制度,目的是防止权利滥用。权利失效制度的适用需要满足时间要件、信赖要件和违背诚实信用要件等三个构成要件,其适用范围广泛,对整个法律领域和一切权利均有约束力,并具有产生相对人抗辩权的法律效果。权利失效制度与其它权利行使限制制度均有所不同。虽然我国至今没有从规范意义上建立总括性的权利失效制度,但在我国大陆地区确立该制度并将其法典化具有必要性和可行性。

The right invalidation rule is a civil law rule settled on the good faith principle to restrict the abuse of rights.It has three basic elements:time,trust and violation of good faith.With a wide range of applications,the right invalidation rule is binding on the entire field of law and all kinds of rights and could result in the emergence of the counter party’s right of defence as its legal effect.It is different from other rules which could also restrict the exercise of rights.Although China has not yet established a comprehensive right invalidation system,it is necessary and feasible to codify such rule into our legal system.