大数据支持大规模个性化教学的发生逻辑

The Occurrence Logic of Big Data Supporting Large-scale Personalized Teaching

新一代信息技术推动社会快速进入“后工业化”时代,释放了全面发展的人才素养需求,亟待个性化教学的支持。然而,“工业化”时代的标准化课堂形态受“工业时代”的“效率主义”“标准导向”“外部力量”等多重约束裹足不前,体现为个性化教学视角下的目标差异化与评价标准化现实,学习内容定制化与单一标准下学习资源现实,教学过程的个性化支持与同步整齐的教学现实,学习方式的自主化与教师主导的教学法,学习环境泛在化与以教室为中心的教学环境等多维度冲突。随着大数据等新一代信息技术进入教与学过程,在教学场景重建、教学组织重构、教学理念重塑、学习方式多样等转变下,课堂教学孕育着“大规模”和“个性化”并存的新课堂形态:教学过程更加精准而富有个性意义,学习活动更具有学习者个体针对性,大规模个性化教学制度环境和支撑环境逐步完善。基于此,大数据正在支持课堂从标准化教学转向大规模个性化教学,其作用关系是:通过大数据更加理性的认识教学的本质和功能,帮助教师深刻认识学习者在学习过程中的心理世界,支持教师开展灵活的教学决策以适应学习者个性化需求,基于大数据开展评价反馈以支持学习者潜能发挥等。

The new generation of information technology promotes the society to enter the"post-industrialization"era,releasing the demand for all-round development of talent quality,which urgently needs the support of personalized teaching.However,the standardized classroom form in the"industrialization"era is constrained by"efficiency","standard orientation"and"external forces"in the"industrial age",which embodies multi-dimensional conflicts:the target differentiation under the perspective of personalized teaching and the reality of standardized evaluation,the customized learning content and the reality of the single-standardized learning resources,the personalized support of teaching process and the reality of synchronous teaching,the self-independence learning style and the teacher-led approach,the ubiquity of the learning environment and the classroom-centered teaching environment.As the new generation of information technology such as big data enters the teaching and learning process through software and hardware,the classroom teaching form gives rise to the coexistence of"large-scale"and"personalized"classroom with the transformation of rebuilding teaching scene,remolding teaching organization,reconstructing teaching concept and changing learning style,which is reflected as follows:The teaching process supported by big data is more accurate and full of individual significance;learning activities supported by big data are more targeted for individual learners;big data has gradually shaped an environment which supports the free system of large-scaled and personalized teaching and scientific support environment.Based on this,this paper puts forward that the big data is supporting the classroom teaching transformation from the standardized teaching to large-scale and personalized teaching.The roles of the big data are the following:Through big data,people can more rationally understand the nature and function of teaching;teachers can deeply understand the psychological world of learners in the learning process;teachers can carry out flexible teaching to adapt to the personalized needs of learners,and conduct big data-based feedback to support learners to develop their potential,etc.