危险化学品危险源细化分级安全管理研究

Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals by Classification

按照《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》(GB 18218—2018)规定,危险化学品重大危险源实行分级管理,当辨识指标S≥1时,重大危险源按分级指标分为4级。实际发生的特别重大恶性事故危险源分级指标远远高于一级重大危险源规定的下限值,有必要在一级重大危险源之上设立特别重大危险源分级。非重大危险源涉及到中小型生产企业、研发和分析实验室及单个包装单元等众多不同应用场景,目前没有分级。不同应用中危险化学品危险源分级指标的差别非常大,中小企业的危险源分级指标一般为10^(-2)~10^(0),而单一常用化学试剂为10^(-7)~10^(-5)。将危险源分为10级,其中将重大危险源扩充到5级,将非重大危险源分为5级。危险化学品危险源细化分级对科学管理、分类管理、分级施策意义重大。

Based on the"Identification of Major Hazard Installations for Dangerous Chemicals"(GB 18218—2018),when the identification index S is at least 1,the major hazard installations are divided into four levels according to the value of the grading index R.The R values in particularly serious malignant accidents are far above the lower limit of the first-level major hazard installations,therefore it is necessary to establish a more specific major hazard grade above the first-level major hazards.In addition,there is no clear classification for non-major hazard installations,which include many different applications such as small and medium-sized production enterprises,R&D and analysis laboratories,and single packaging units.The value of the grading index for hazard installations in different applications varies greatly:the hazard grading index of small and medium-sized enterprises is generally 10^(-2)~10^(0),while the hazard grading index of single common chemical reagent is 10^(-7)~10^(-5).Hazard installations were divided into 10 levels,among which the major hazards are expanded to 5 levels,and the non-major hazards are divided into 5 levels.The detailed classification of hazard installations for dangerous chemicals is of great significance to scientific management,classification management and gradepolicies.