群矿采煤条件下水资源与水环境的变化与预测

Changes and forecasts of water resources and water environment under the condition group mining

以往针对单个煤矿采煤对水资源或水环境研究较多。利用煤田区5个井田和6个生产矿井资料,从水循环、水量、水质角度综合分析群矿采煤对区域水资源与水环境的变化并在此基础上进行预测。结果表明,不同标高同时开采,开采面积逐渐扩大、开采深度逐渐加深和开采强度不断增大,不同埋深的含水层逐渐被疏干,形成以矿井为中心的地下水降落漏斗群,最终形成200 km^(2)的巨大地下水漏斗,十个煤矿排地下水共3.67×107m3/n。天然水循环在群矿采煤活动中被破坏或打乱,补给、径流和排泄均发生变异。群矿采煤活动中地表径流和老窑水通过采煤形成的裂缝与塌陷带渗漏入矿井中,致使地表径流量减少,地下水系统和地表水系统也随之改变,地表水资源和地下水资源受到不同程度的影响和破坏。尤其是矿井抽排水、老窑积水与渗漏、煤矸石淋漓、酸性水及固体废弃物随着地下水和地表水迁移和扩散,使地下水环境和地表水环境受到不同程度的破坏与污染,且随着采深加深而逐年恶化,加大治理修复难度。

In the past,there are many researches on water resources or water environment for single coal mining.Using the data of 5 mine fields and 6 production mines in the coal field area,the change and prediction of water resources and water environment in the area of coal mining from water circulation,water quantity and water quality analyzed.he results show that the mining area is gradually enlarged,the mining depth is gradually deepened and the mining intensity is increasing,and the aquifers with different buried depths are gradually drained to form a large underground water funnel group with 200 km^(2) as the center of the mine,and the 10 coal mines drain 3.67×107 m3/n.of groundwater.The natural water cycle is destroyed or disrupted in the mining activities of group mines,and the recharge,runoff and discharge are all mutated.The surface runoff and the old kiln water leak into the mine through coal mining activities,which results in the decrease of surface runoff,the change of groundwater system and surface water system,and the influence and destruction of surface water resources and groundwater resources to varying degrees.In particular,mine drainage,old kiln water and leakage,coal gangue dripping,acid water and solid waste with the migration and diffusion of groundwater and surface water,groundwater environment and surface water environment by varying degrees of damage and pollution,and with the deepening of mining year by year deterioration,increasing the difficulty of treatment and repair.