药用绞股蓝主产区药材的定性分析

Qualitative analysis of Gynostemma longipes for medicinal usage

绞股蓝资源分布较广,秦巴山区为药用绞股蓝的主产区,选取其中陕西平利和四川青川2个区域的16份野生全草样本,利用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E))得到的精确相对分子质量、碎片信息,结合对照品的质谱、色谱规律及相关文献,鉴定陕西平利产绞股蓝药材中主要成分的结构。共鉴定了45个化学成分,包括43个达玛烷型三萜皂苷和2个黄酮,并发现绞股蓝中一类含量相对较高的糖基丙二酰基化的原生三萜皂苷。全面表征了药用绞股蓝中三萜皂苷成分的组成,并显示秦巴山区2个区域的野生绞股蓝药材成分组成较为相似,且共同含有绞股蓝皂苷ⅩLⅨ、绞股蓝皂苷A及其糖基丙二酰化产物等主要三萜皂苷,表明药用绞股蓝药材质量趋于一致,与文献报道的其他产区的绞股蓝药材成分差异较大。

The Qinling-Daba Mountains area is the main producing areas of Gynostemma longipes for medicinal usage, and samples of wild whole plants in Pingli, Shaanxi Province and Qingchuan, Sichuan Province were collected. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)) was used to profile the chemical compositions and analyze the similarities and differences of G. longipes samples in these areas. Based on the accurate molecular weight and fragment information obtained from Q-TOF-MSE, the structures of the main components were identified by combining with the mass spectra, chromatographic behaviors of reference standards and related literatures. The results showed that the components of wild G. longipes from different places among Qinling-Daba Mountains area were similar. Forty-five chemical components were identified in the whole plant of G. longipes from Pingli, Shaanxi Province, including 43 triterpenoid saponins and 2 flavonoids which contain all main peaks in its fingerprint. The main components are dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, such asgypenoside ⅩLⅨ, gypenoside A and its malonylated product of glycosyl.