朱尔加尼的语序观

Jurjani’s Approach to Word Order

朱尔加尼是中世纪阿拉伯语语法学家中首位从功能语言学的视角对阿拉伯语进行研究的学者,他把语言视作一种表达意义的交际系统,强调意义优于形式。句子意义是通过把词语构成有序的整体获得的。在以VSO为阿拉伯语基本语序的前提下,他对肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句中句子主要成分的语序变化进行了语用和语义层面的解读。他的功能语序观体现在对情景语境和语言语境的重视,并把说话者对听话者的预设作为话语形成的重要依据。句子成分在语义或语用上的相关性程度是决定句子语序的关键因素。

Among medieval Arabic grammarians,Jurjani is the first to advance a functional linguistic theory in studying Arabic based on the assumption that language is a communicative system designed to convey meaning and that meaning takes precedence over form.The meaning of a sentence is realized by constituting phrases into an orderly whole.Taking VSO as the basic word order in Classical Arabic,Jurjani examines the changes of sentence elements related in word order in affirmative sentences,negative sentences and interrogative sentences from the perspectives of pragmatics and semantics.His functional approach to word order is manifested in his laying stress on situational context and linguistic context,meanwhile also he argues that the speaker’s presupposition of the listener is crucial in the formation of utterance.Further,the degree of the relevance of a sentence element to that meaning and function of the sentence is a key factor in determining word order.