中国遥感卫星地面站卫星地面系统的发展

Update of remote sensing satellite ground systemof China remote sensing satellite ground station

成立于1986年的中国遥感卫星地面站是中国重大科技基础设施,也是国际资源卫星地面站网的重要成员。历经30余年的建设和运行,中国遥感卫星地面站形成了以北京总部为中心,拥有密云、喀什、三亚、昆明、北极5个卫星接收站的体系,实时数据接收覆盖中国全部领土和亚洲70%陆地区域,并初步具备了全球数据的快速获取能力。2020年,地面站实现了32颗国内外陆地观测卫星和中国空间科学卫星的全自动化业务运行,是中国兼容和扩展能力最强的卫星数据地面接收系统,总体指标达到国际先进水平,部分指标达到国际领先水平。近年来,地面站在技术上不断取得突破性进展,包括Ka频段数据接收、VCM模式数据接收、面向快速应用的卫星数据记录与快视平台、超远距离数据网络传输、数据接收任务自动规划等。同时,以国际先进遥感卫星数据处理产品、对地观测数据共享计划、虚拟地面站、RTU等新型数据产品为代表,为中国空间对地观测提供了有力的数据保障,为国家经济建设、社会发展、科学研究都做出了突出的贡献。

Established in 1986, China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station(RSGS) is one of China’s major scientific infrastructures and an important member of the International Ground Station(IGS) Network. After more than 30 years of construction, development and operation, RSGS has developed a system that is centered around the Beijing headquarters with five ground stations located in Miyun(operation since 1986), Kashi(since 2008), Sanya(since 2010), Kunming(since 2016), and the Arctic(since 2016). Its real-time data acquisition covers all territory of China and 70% of Asia’s land areas. It is also equipped with the initial ability to acquire global earth observation data efficiently. By the continuous system development and technical improving, RSGS is currently the most compatible and expandable ground receiving system for satellite data in China. Its overall performance has achieved the international advanced standard as some indicators approach the international leading level. For example, S, X and Ka band downlink reception capability with bit rate up to2×1200 Mbps(in X band) and 4×1.5 Gbps(in Ka band), satellite signal tracking efficiently for high dynamics and low signal-to-noise ratio case, multiple-satellite data recording and quicklook in real time, high speed data transferring fiber link with bandwidth 200 Mbps, 622 Mbps or 10 Gbps between domestic stations and RSGS headquarter, the worldwide standard LANDSAT, RADARSAT, SPOT and PLEIADES data processing and production system, the on-line archiving data querying/ordering and product delivery system, and the integrated ground station operation management system to monitor and manage the daily data acquisition, recording, transferring and so on.In recent years, the number of domestic and international satellite missions, the data reception passes and successful rate, and the data processing amount are all increasing continuously. From January to September of 2020, RSGS automated the operation of 32 domestic and overseas earth observation satellites as well as China’s Space Science satellites, and the total number of data reception is 42,183 passes with the successful rate 99.8%.RSGS also made a series of technical breakthroughs, including Ka band data reception, the VCM(Variable Coding and Modulation) mode data receiving technology, satellite high speed data recording and quicklook platforms for rapid application, ultra-distance data transmission network, automatic planning for data reception operations, centralized digital 3 D virtual simulation monitoring of remote sensing satellite ground station, and etc. Meanwhile, the new data and application products are provided to public, such as Earth Observation Data Sharing Plan, virtual ground station, RTU(Ready-to-Use) data service, InSAR monitoring of land subsidence nationwide, and etc. On the other hand,remote sensing applications were accomplished by the national requirements, such as flood and earthquake monitoring, forest fire investigation, and sea supervision.According to the guidance of national programme, RSGS is carrying out the research and construction of the national civil space infrastructure data receiving system project. In the future, with the enhancement of system capabilities, RSGS will continue to provide China’s earth observation with powerful quantitative support and contribute greatly to national economic development,social progress, and scientific research.