2014-2018年内蒙古自治区杭锦后旗居民死亡趋势及主要慢性病早死概率分析

Death trend and probability of premature mortality caused by major chronic diseases in residents in Hanggin Rear Banner,Inner Mongolia,2014–2018

目的分析内蒙古自治区(内蒙古)巴彦淖尔市杭锦后旗居民死亡原因和变化趋势,以及四类主要慢性病的早死概率及变化趋势,为疾病预防和控制措施提供科学依据。方法收集2014—2018年杭锦后旗居民死因资料,根据国际疾病分类(ICD-10)对根本死因进行分类和编码,通过Excel 2010及SPSS 24.0软件计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成比和早死概率等指标;趋势分析采用趋势χ2分析,率的比较采用χ2检验。结果2014—2018年杭锦后旗居民粗死亡率为558.31/10万,标化死亡率为554.52/10万,男性、女性和全人群粗死亡率及标化死亡率均呈上升趋势;男性粗死亡率和标化死亡率均高于女性。前5位死因依次为心脏病(203.30/10万)、恶性肿瘤(122.26/10万)、脑血管疾病(96.97/10万)、损伤和中毒(34.02/10万)和呼吸系统疾病(13.22/10万),共占总死亡的84.14%。各年龄组死亡率均呈上升趋势,45~64岁年龄组死亡率上升趋势有统计学意义(趋势χ^(2)=9.29,P<0.05);死亡主要集中于≥45岁年龄组,占比92.65%。四类主要慢性病早死概率总体呈上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=13.30,P<0.001);男性主要慢性病早死概率均高于女性(P<0.05)。砷中毒病区主要死因标化死亡率高于全旗总人群(P<0.001),死因顺位前4位与全旗人群相同。结论2014—2018年杭锦后旗居民死亡呈上升趋势,心脑血管疾病与恶性肿瘤已成为该地区居民死亡的主要原因。应通过加强慢性病的三级预防等工作,降低慢性病的早死概率,提高居民的健康寿命和生存质量。

Objective To investigate the causes and trends of deaths in residents in Hanggin Rear Banner,Bayannur of Inner Mongolia autonomous region and the probabilities of premature deaths and trends of four major chronic diseases,and provide scientific evidence for disease prevention and control.Methods The cause-of-death data of residents in Hanggin Rear Banner from 2014 to 2018 were collected,the underlying death causes were classified and coded according to the International Classification of Diseases 10 th Edition(ICD-10),and the crude mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,cause-of-death ratio,and probability of premature death were calculated by software Excel 2010 and SPSS 24.0.Trend analysis used trendχ^(2)test,and rate comparison usedχ2 test.Results A total of 7158 deaths were reported in Hanggin Rear Banner from 2014 to 2018.The average annual crude mortality rate was 558.31/100000,and the average annual standardized mortality rate was554.52/100000.The crude mortality rate and the standardized mortality rate in men,women and the whole population were in increase;the crude mortality rate and the standardized mortality rate were higher in men than in women.The top five death causes were heart disease(203.30/100000),malignant tumor(122.26/100000),cerebrovascular disease(96.97/100000),injury and poisoning(34.02/100000)and respiratory disease(13.22/100000),accounting for 84.14%of the total deaths.The mortality rates in all age groups showed upward trends.The increasing trend of the mortality rate in age group 45–64 years was statistically significant(trendχ^(2)=9.29,P<0.05);the deaths mainly occurred in age group≥45 years,accounting for 92.65%of all deaths.The overall probability of premature death caused by the four major chronic diseases showed an upward trend(trendχ^(2)=13.30,P<0.001);the probability of premature death caused by major chronic diseases in men was higher than that in women(P<0.05).The standardized mortality rate of the main death causes in people in arsenic poisoning areas was higher than that in the whole population(P<0.001),and the top four death causes were same to those in the whole population.Conclusion The death in residents in Hanggin Rear Banner showed an upward trend from 2014 to 2018.Cardiocerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors had become the main death causes in the area.The tertiary prevention of chronic diseases should be strengthened to reduce the probability of premature death of chronic diseases and improve the residents’healthy life expectancy and quality of life.