掌叶覆盆子药用有效成分变异与优良种质筛选

Effective medicinal ingredients and screening of excellent germplasm in Rubus chingii

为了给优良种质选择提供依据,应用UPLC对浙江省淳安县的掌叶覆盆子青果包括没食子酸、鞣花酸、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、椴树苷和紫云英苷在内的主要药用有效成分含量进行测定,同时测定部分单株成熟红果的可溶性固形物含量等指标,研究各组分单株间变异及相关。发现没食子酸、鞣花酸、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、紫云英苷和椴树苷单株间质量分数变异大,变异幅度分别为0.0102%~0.0274%,0.0895%~0.2911%,0.0105%~0.1148%,0.0058%~0.0412%,0.0109%~0.0863%,CV分别为18.60%,27.02%,44.23%,44.17%,47.29%。没食子酸与鞣花酸存在显著正相关,并与山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、紫云英苷存在显著负相关;山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、紫云英苷、椴树苷相互之间存在显著正相关;鞣花酸与熟果果形指数,椴树苷与可溶性固形物存在显著正相关;有51.35%的单株成熟果实的可溶性固形物质量分数达15%以上。结果说明掌叶覆盆子单株间药用组分变异丰富,具有选择的潜力,但仅有7.61%的单株2个主要药用成分符合药典质量控制综合要求,可以先根据红果果形指数进行初选,再基于鞣花酸、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷含量进行复选。对药用成分不达标的种质,具有选择鲜食果用种质的潜力。

In order to provide rationale for selection of good germplasm in Rubus chingii,main effective medicinal ingredients of green fruit such as gallic acid,ellagic acid,kaempferol-3-rutinoside,astragalin and tiliroside were measured using UPLC for the samples collected from Chun′an county of Zhejiang province,and such parameters as soluble solid contents of ripe fruit of some samples were also measured to study variation among individuals and correlation.It has been found that there were differences among individuals in the contents of gallic acid,ellagic acid,kaempferol-3-rutinoside,astragalin and tiliroside,which ranged from 0.0102%-0.0274%,0.0895%-0.2911%,0.0105%-0.1148%,0.0058%-0.0412%and 0.0109%-0.0863%,respectively,with a CV of 18.60%,27.02%,44.23%,44.17%and 47.29%,respectively.Gallic acid was positively correlated with ellagic acid,but negatively with kaempferol-3-rutinoside and astragalin significantly.Significantly positive correlation existed between kaempferol-3-rutinoside,astragalin and linden glycoside as well as between ellagic acid and fruit shape index of ripe fruit and between linden glycoside and the content of soluble solids.51.35%of the individuals had a content of soluble solids more than 15%.Therefore,abundant variations have been found among individuals in effective medicinal ingredients in R.chingii,which shows great potential for selection,but only do 7.61%of the individuals meet the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia in terms of the contents of effective medicinal ingredients.Therefore,selection could be first performed in terms of fruit shape index of ripe red fruit,followed by the contents of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-rutinoside measured.The individuals,in which the contents of effective medicinal ingredients don′t meet the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia,could be considered for the selection in terms of edible fresh fruit.