液氢燃料时代莅临铝工业做好准备

Aluminum industry ready for liquid hydrogen fuel era

铝及铝合金没有低温脆性是其固有的最大优点,它们的塑性成形性与强度性能均随着温度的降低而同步升高。较详细地介绍了铝合金的低温力学性能,综述了5083铝合金与2219铝合金在航天器火箭发射燃料液氢、液氧容器中的应用。这两个合金是制造液氢、液氧生产装备、贮存与运输容器零部件的不可或缺的材料。“长五遥四”发射“天问一号”的液氢和液氧槽是用中铝集团生产的铝合金板材制造的。现在国外正在研发液氢燃料飞机,大力发展液氢飞机所用铝合金是铝工业面临的挑战。

Aluminum and aluminum alloys have the best benefits,i.e.no low temperature brittleness.Their plasticity and strength increase with the decrease of temperature.The low temperature mechanical properties of aluminum alloy are introduced in detail.The application of 5083 aluminum alloy and 2219 aluminum alloy in liquid hydrogen and oxygen containers for spacecraft rocket launching fuel is described.These two alloys are indispensable materials for manufacturing liquid hydrogen and oxygen production equipment,storage and transportation container parts.The liquid hydrogen and oxygen tanks for“Tianwen-1”launched by the Long March 5 Y4 rocket are made of aluminum alloy plates produced by Aluminum Corporation of China.At present,foreign countries are developing liquid hydrogen fuel aircraft.It is a challenge for aluminum industry to develop aluminum alloy for liquid hydrogen aircraft.