论司法解释的合法性控制

The Legality Control of the Judicial Interpretations

最高人民法院颁布的司法解释1是我国法律体系的有机组成部分,其合法性如何实现是重要的法治乃至宪治命题。作为事后监督的规范性文件备案审查,有其固有的局限性。以系统论为研究范式,超脱备案审查视角,将司法解释的制定、实施、监督视为一个系统,是一种有效的分析工具。经由合法性控制的三个子系统,即制定过程中的预防违法、实施过程中的避免适用违法以及监督过程中的消除违法,可发现不同主体在各子系统中承载各自独有的功能,相互沟通、对话,使得司法解释在流动的系统内实现合法性。这一发现不仅对司法解释的合法性控制有指导意义,还对法律及其以下规范性文件的合法性控制具有借鉴意义。

The judicial interpretations enacted by the Supreme Court is an integral part of our country’s legal system,and how to ensure its legitimacy is an important proposition of the rule of law and even a constitutional issue.The after-the-fact supervision of the normative document review has inherent limitations.Guided by the principle of system theory,it is an effective analytical tool to take the making of judicial interpretations,implementation and supervision as a system.Through the three subsystems of the legality control,namely,the prevention of illegality in the formulation process,the avoidance of applicable violations in the process of application and the elimination of illegality in the process of supervision,it can be found that different subjects carry their own unique functions in the three subsystems,communicate and dialogue with each other,so that judicial interpretations can realize legitimacy in the flowing system.This discovery is not only instructive to the legality control of the judicial interpretations,but also useful to the legality control of the law and the other normative documents.