近代中国国家治理能力的演进:以驿邮转型为例

The Evolution of National Governance Capability in Modern China--Research on the Transition From Yi to Post

近代中国驿邮转型以裁驿归邮的形式展开,分为清末与民初两个阶段。清末邮传部推动的裁驿归邮,受到多重条件的制约而未能顺利实现,驿邮关系处于功能上替代、形式上并存的不完全替代状态。邮传部虽未能实现驿邮转型,在与约束条件的博弈选择和互动中,却也推动了邮政的有效增长。民初交通部继承了邮传部驿邮转型事业,通过邮政建设解决了清末裁驿归邮遗留的难题,完成了传统驿传向新式邮政的转型,实现了治理工具保留服务国家治理功能的同时,更多地向公共产品转变。邮传部与交通部面对驿邮转型问题,尽管初衷和政策态度是相近的,缘于约束条件不同,举措各异,效果也不尽相同。邮传部和交通部推动驿邮转型所采取的方式和举措,是清末民初政府职能转变的表现,而这种以政府职能转变为代表的国家治理能力的嬗变亦是近代社会转型进程中国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的体现。

The transition of post system from tradition to modern was carried out in the form of"Cai Yi Gui You",during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.In the late Qing Dynasty,because of the multiple conditions,the relationship between Yi and Post was in a state of incomplete replacement.During the early Republic of China,the Ministry of Transportation solved the problem inherited from the late Qing Dynasty through postal construction,completed the transition from Yi to Post,renovated the governance tools and realized the transformation of traditional governance tools into public products.Although the original intention and policy attitude of the Ministry of Posts and Communications were the same,the results varied with different measures.The transformation of government functions during the process of the transition from Yi to Post,also promoted the modernization of the national governance system and governance capability.