长三角游乐型主题公园客流时空分布特征及其影响因素分析——以上海欢乐谷、常州恐龙园、芜湖方特为例

Spatial structure of tourist market and its influencing factors in the Yangtze River Delta theme parks: A case study of Shanghai Happy Valley, Changzhou Dinosaur Park and Wuhu Fangte

以长三角三大大型游乐型主题公园为研究案例地,基于大样本资料,将数理统计与ArcGIS空间分析相结合,分析主题公园客流时空分布特征,并采用地理探测器探讨影响其旅游客流空间分布的主要因素。研究表明:(1)长三角主题公园客流空间分布整体呈现出“核心区(长三角)点轴辐射、外围区(环长三角)面状均质、边缘区点状分布”格局。长三角确立客流分布主体边界,省级行政区(除上海)勾勒出核心市场边界。(2)客流空间分布特征因时间段和案例地不同而存在差异。主题公园游客空间使用曲线符合基本型曲线特征,一般性时间客源呈近域型分布,而节假日特殊时期为广域型分布。(3)三大主题公园客源主体范围与形态存在一定异质性。上海欢乐谷与常州恐龙园客源市场形态较为相似,芜湖方特客源市场呈近似饼状分布。主题公园80%市场域的重叠区域较大,主题公园间存在一定空间竞争关系,客源市场分布受其所在城市等级和地位的影响。(4)主题公园客流量的影响因素在空间上发生不同程度和强度的变异。经济联系强度、居民人均可支配收入和交通距离是影响客流量的主导影响因素,但不同区域的主导驱动因素存在显著差异。两两因子交互作用,双线性或非线性地加强了对游客来源地空间分布的解释力。

Taking three large-scale amusement theme parks in the Yangtze River Delta as cases,this paper analyzed the spatial structure of theme parks'tourist market based on mathematical statistics method and GIS spatial analysis.The method of GeoDetector was used to identity the impact factors and their interactions.The results showed that:(1)The spatial distribution of tourist flow in the Yangtze River Delta theme parks presented an overall pattern of"point-axis radiation in the core area(Yangtze River Delta),planar homogeneity in the peripheral area(provinces bordering the Yangtze River Delta),and dotted distribution in the edge area".The main boundary of tourist flow distribution was established in the delta,and the core market boundary was located in the provincial-level regions(except Shanghai).(2)The spatial distribution characteristics of tourist flow varied in time period and three destinations.The curve of tourism space used in amusement theme parks showed a typical basic feature.In normal times tourists were found in the neighboring region,while on holidays tourists were in the distant region.(3)There was some heterogeneity in the main range and form of tourist flow in the three theme parks.The market domain shape of Happy Valley was similar to that of Dinosaur Park.On the whole,Fangte's market domain was pie-shaped.Eighty percent of the three theme parks'market areas overlapped,and there existed a certain spatial competition among the three theme parks.The rank and status of the cities in which the parks were located affected the distribution pattern of tourists.(4)The influencing factors of the theme parks'tourism market varied in spatial degree and intensity.Economic connection intensity,per capita disposable income of residents and the distance were the leading factors affecting tourist flow,but the leading driving factors in different regions differed significantly.Two influencing factors,bilinear and nonlinear,interacted with each other,which could well explain the spatial distribution of tourist sources.