高等教育阻断农村相对贫困代际传递的效应研究

Research on the Effect of Higher Education in Blocking the Intergenerational Transmission of Rural Relative Poverty

高水平的代际流动是社会和谐发展的前提,也是我国构建相对贫困长效治理体系的内在要求。经实证分析可发现,高等教育可显著促进农村相对贫困家庭子代非农就业,并降低相对贫困代际传递的概率,职业层次提升是高等教育阻断相对贫困代际传递的重要途径(约占总效应的42%),但对于收入跃升至中等及更高层级,职业的中介效应下降至约29%的水平。以高考成绩作为能力的代理变量,并分别使用世界银行和欧盟相对贫困标准进行稳健性检验,主要结论稳健成立。因此,应进一步提升农村高等教育入学机会和教育质量,并着力清除城乡及城市内部职业流动障碍,在高等教育、职业流动和收入的良性互动中构建相对贫困长效解决机制。

High-level intergenerational mobility is not only a key element of social harmony and development,but also an inherent requirement for building the long-term mechanisms for reducing relative poverty.This paper employs empirical analyzes and finds that higher education can significantly promote the non-agricultural employment of the offspring of relatively poor rural families and reduce the probability of relative poverty intergenerational transmission,the promotion of occupational status is an important way for higher education to block the intergenerational transmission of relative poverty(about 42%of the total effect),but for the effect of promoting income to the middle or higher levels,the mediating effect of occupation drops to around 29%.Taking the college entrance examination results as a proxy variable of ability,and using the World Bank and EU relative poverty standards to conduct robust tests,main conclusions are all robust.Therefore,it is necessary to enhance the opportunities and quality of higher education for rural citizens,remove barriers of occupational mobility between and within rural and urban areas,and establish long-term mechanisms for reducing relative poverty in the benign interaction of higher education,occupational mobility and income.