我国研究生教育规模扩张的动力、影响与发展方略

The Impetus,Influence and Development Strategy of the Expansion of Graduate Education in China

我国研究生教育的快速扩张,受到软约束下应急调整与学术漂移的联合驱动,形成了研究生教育的非均衡发展策略,表现为"弱学术"型学位的刚性扩张、应用性软学科的局部扩张、基于传统学科结构的依赖式扩张和地方普通高校驱动的后发型扩张。进而引发研究生教育系统内部出现师生关系祛魅化、培养定位冲突、教育质量保障压力加剧以及外部适应性较弱等问题。未来研究生教育应加快供给侧改革,提升研究生服务社会经济需求的响应能力;确立分类发展思想,动态调整学位与研究生教育结构;树立多元质量观,深化研究生培养模式改革;兼顾公平性发展,加大对后发型部门的支持力度。

The rapid expansion of graduate education in China has driven by the combination of emergency adjustment and academic drift under soft constraints.Forming an unbalanced development strategy for graduate education,which is manifested by the rigid expansion of"weak academic"degree,the local expansion of applied soft disciplines,the dependent expansion of traditional discipline structure and the expansion of latecomer driven by local universities.This has led to problems such as the disenchantment of teacher-student relations,conflicts in training goals,increased pressure on education quality assurance within the graduate education system and weak external adaptability.In the future,graduate education should speed up supply-side reforms and improve the responsiveness of graduates to serve the socio-economic needs;establish classification development ideas,dynamically adjust the degree and graduate education structure;establish a diversified quality view,deepen the reform of graduate training models;take into account fair development,increase support for latecomer department.