智能机器人法律主体地位之探讨

Discussion on the Legal Subject Status of Intelligent Robot

智能机器人法律地位的确定与否,是解决人工智能兴起的信息技术革命与人类身份认同焦虑的关键问题。现阶段,智能机器人不具备人类的生化系统、自主意识和理性,因此无法独立担责,不可赋予其类似于自然人的法律主体地位;又因为智能机器人难以拥有独立的财产,亦无法像法人一样被拟制为法律主体。所以,智能机器人法律主体地位与“人类中心主义”“智能机器工具论”的伦理共识相矛盾,应在法律上将智能机器人界定为“客体”“工具”来进行准确定位和有效规制。

The legal status of intelligent robot is the key to solve the information technology revolution and human identity anxiety.At the present stage,intelligent robots do not have the biochemical system,independent consciousness and rationality of human beings,so they cannot bear the responsibility independently.It is necessary to give them the legal subject status similar to that of natural persons.Moreover,because intelligent robots are difficult to own independent property and cannot be modeled as legal subjects like legal persons,the legal subject status of intelligent robots is similar to that of“anthropocentrism”and“intellectualism”.Therefore,it is necessary to define intelligent robot as“object”and“tool”in law for accurate positioning and effective regulation.