政治经济学视域下“需要”与“需求”的关系研究

The Analysis of the Relationship Between"Need"and"Demand"from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

社会主义生产的根本目的是不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要,然而在构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系中,“需要”还没有成为一个核心范畴。本文运用政治经济学的原理和方法,从人类社会发展一般、资本主义社会、共产主义社会三个方面,分析了“需要”的基本内涵。以此为基础,进一步从市场经济运行一般原理和资本主义市场经济两个层面,探究了“需要”与“需求”这两个范畴的区别和联系,为进一步研究中国特色社会主义政治经济学中的“需要”范畴寻找理论基础。

The fundamental purpose of the production of socialism is to meet the needs of the people.However,"need"has not yet become a core category in the construction of the theoretical system of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.Using the principle and method of Marxist political Economy,this paper analyzes the basic connotation of"need"from three aspects of human society development:general,capitalist society and communist society.On this basis,this paper further explores the difference and connection between"need"and"demand"from the two aspects of the general principle of market economy operation and capitalist market economy,so as to find the theoretical basis for the further study of the"need"category in socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.