甘蓝型油菜减氮增效潜力评价及种质资源筛选

Evaluation on potential of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency for Brassica napus germplasm

为培育具有高潜力的减肥增效油菜品种,以不同甘蓝型油菜种质资源为材料,通过两年三点的田间肥效试验,研究了它们对氮肥的响应特征及节氮增产潜力。以产量平均值为分界线将供试材料划分为4种类型:低氮高效型、双高效型、双低效型和高氮高效型。在高氮条件下,双高效型和高氮高效型材料具有16.96%~36.50%的节氮潜力和21.57%~49.59%的增产潜力;在低氮胁迫下,低氮高效型具有12.23%和10.88%的节氮及增产潜力。同时筛选出低氮高效型材料中双9号、SV-pyriter,双高效型材料D4-15、中双11号、DH16、华双3号,双低效型材料D2-1、华双5号、加99H99-15HR、湘农油3号、DH17,以及高氮高效型材料84001。研究表明,甘蓝型油菜减氮增产增效的潜力较大,但存在较大的基因型差异。因此,选育双高效型和高氮高效型材料可能是今后油菜育种的重点。

To discover the potential of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency from different rapeseed varieties, response characteristics of different genotypes of Brassica napus(L.) to nitrogen(N) fertilizer and their potential of N-saving and high efficiency were analyzed by 2 years’ field trials in 3 locations. Results showed that materials could be devided into 4 types based on average yield. The 4 types were named(1) efficiency(efficiency under low nitrogen condition)-inefficiency(efficiency under high nitrogen condition),(2) efficiency-efficiency,(3) inefficiency-inefficiency,(4) inefficiency-efficiency. Genotypes with efficiency-efficiency and inefficiency-efficiency had 16.96-36.50% of N-saving potential and 21.57-49.59% of yield-increasing potential under high N condition,while genotypes of efficiency-inefficiency had 12.23% of N-saving potential and 10.88% of yield-increasing potential under low N. In addition, Zhongshuang 9 and SV-pyriter were identified with efficiency-inefficiency. D4-15,Zhongshuang 11, DH16 and Huashuang 3 were recognized as genotypes with efficiency-efficiency. D2-1, Huashuang 5, Jia99 H99-15 HR, Xiangnongyou 3 and DH17 were identified as inefficiency-inefficiency genotypes. 84001 had high efficiency under high N level. These results suggested that oilseed rape had high potential of reducing N requirement and increasing yield, and the potential varies among varieties. Hence, identification of genotypes with efficiency-efficiency and/or inefficiency-efficiency might be the target of rapeseed breeding in future.