红树植物的胎生现象及其组学研究进展

Advancement of omics level studies on mangrove vivipary

红树植物生长于滨海湿地复杂的生境,包括变化的水体盐度、潮汐海浪冲刷的泥滩等,其繁殖体的顺利萌发并成功定植是红树种群世代延续的关键.部分红树植物通过长期进化产生了一种适应于这种独特生境的称为胎生的有性繁殖方式,即种子在母体上萌发形成繁殖体,特别是发达的下胚轴.这种结构使它们能携带足够的能量与淡水,并在落地时迅速生根定植.然而,目前对这种可以稳定传代的胎生现象的遗传本质和分子机制还了解甚少.本文从基因组和转录组水平对红树植物胎生的起源与进化及其机制等方面的研究进展进行综述,并提出待解决的科学问题,为今后研究提供可借鉴的思路.

Mangrove plants grow in a complex habitat of coastal wetlands with fluctuacting salinity,mudflats washed by tidal waves,etc.The successful germination and colonization of mangrove propagules are the key to the mangrove population continuity.Some mangrove plants have evolved a type of sexual reproduction adapted to this unique habitat,called vivipary,in which seeds germinate in the mother to form propagules,especially the developed hypocotyl.This structure allows them to carry enough energy and fresh water to take root and colonize quickly.However,little is known about the genetic nature and molecular mechanisms of this stably viviparous phenomenon.In this paper,the origin and evolution of viviparous mangroves and the mechanism of vivipary are reviewed from genome and transcriptome aspects,based on limited available literature.Perspectives are put forward to provides some ideas for future researches.