拟穴青蟹新型抗菌肽的发现、研究与应用进展

Progress in the discovery,study and application of new antimicrobial peptides from Scylla paramamosain

水产养殖业长期过量使用抗生素导致的细菌耐药性增加、水产品中抗生素残留和养殖环境中抗生素污染等问题,已严重影响我国水产养殖业健康发展,因而亟需寻找抗生素的有效替代品.抗菌肽是一类生物体中普遍存在并具有广谱抗微生物活性的小分子多肽,因其不同于传统抗生素,具有不易产生耐药性等特性,被科学家誉为“天然抗生素”.海洋无脊椎动物是开发高效且抗多种病原微生物的新型抗菌肽的重要来源.本课题组自2002年起一直聚焦我国水产养殖业抗生素污染的重大科学问题,以研发抗生素的有效替代品为目标,致力于海洋动物新型抗菌肽的研发与利用研究,本综述将重点介绍拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)新型抗菌肽的发现及其应用进展.

The long-term excessive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has led to the increase in bacterial resistance,antibiotic residues in aquatic products and antibiotic contamination in the breeding environment,which have seriously affected the healthy development of aquaculture in China.Therefore,it is urgent to find effective substitutes for antibiotics.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are small-molecule peptides that are ubiquitous in various organisms and have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.Due to their unique characteristics of unchangeable resistance against bacteria,which is different from traditional antibiotics,AMPs are regarded as"natural antibiotics"by scientists.Marine invertebrates are an important source of novel AMPs that have been testified to be highly effective and resistant to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms,and are worthy of in-depth study.Since 2002,our research group has been focusing on the discovery,study and application of new AMPs from marine animals in order to solve the antibiotic contamination problem in aquaculture,with the goal of developing effective substitutes for antibiotics.This review briefly summarized the progress in the discovery and application of noval AMPs identified from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain.