汉语表述中代词主语省略现象的语义学探讨——《国际歌》译文与古汉语代词主语省略现象

Syntax Structure of Subject-Missing Pronoun in Chinese Expression

汉语人称代词主语在其语法词序中一般位置比较固定,而且代词形式变化相对较少;但是汉语人称代词的语义学和语用学研究其实是个非常有意义的领域。《国际歌》作为一首传唱至今的经典作品,从瞿秋白—箫三翻译的汉语歌词与其他语言版本歌词对比中可以发现,汉语《国际歌》歌词存在明显的代词主语省略现象。这种代词主语省略现象在传统诗词歌赋类文学作品中更是普遍,已经成了中国古诗的一种语法修辞和美学传统。这种代词主语省略模式突出了句式精炼的原则,在修辞上往往能起到让代词主语突出的效果,也是一种模糊化的诗意美学设计。代词主语省略及flexible置换模式有利于灵活处理主语人称或者虚拟变化人称变换交错的效果。同时,这种代词主语省略类结构大多呈现为以古汉语表述遗存形式为载体或多存在于诗词歌赋体裁中,其形式性因素比较强。

The subject of Chinese personal pronoun is relatively fixed in its grammatical word order,and the form of pronoun changes relatively little;but the study of semantics and pragmatics of Chinese personal pronoun is actually a very meaningful field.The Internationale is a classic song that has been sung so far.The comparison between the Chinese lyrics translated by Qu Qiubai and Xiaosan and the lyrics in other languages shows that there is obvious omission of pronoun subject in the lyrics of the Internationale.This phenomenon of omission of pronoun subject is more common in traditional poetry,which has become a grammatical rhetoric and aesthetic tradition of ancient Chinese poetry.This mode of omission of pronoun subject highlights the principle of sentence refinement,which can make pronoun subject prominent in rhetoric,and is also a kind of fuzzy poetic aesthetic design.The omission of pronoun subject and flexible replacement mode are conducive to the flexible processing of subject person or virtual change.At the same time,this kind of pronoun Subject Ellipsis structure mostly takes the ancient Chinese expression form as the carrier or mostly exists in the poetry genre,and its formal factor is relatively strong.