2009—2018年俄罗斯金属非金属矿山工业事故统计分析及启示

Statistical analysis and enlightenment of accidents in Russia’s metal and nonmetal mining industry in the period from 2009 to 2018

为揭示俄罗斯金属非金属矿山工业事故内在规律和安全监察监管特点,基于2009—2018年俄罗斯官方统计数据,围绕安全生产事故及安全监察监管等要素开展统计分析研究。结果表明:俄罗斯金属非金属矿山工业事故和人员伤亡数量总体呈逐年下降趋势,非金属矿山属于事故高发行业。事故主要发生在地下矿山开采过程,地下矿山安全生产事故导致了最严重的人员伤亡,地压灾害、交通运输作业和机械伤害、高处坠落与淹溺等属于危害性最严重的导致人员死亡的因素。事故主要是由人的不安全行为和管理漏洞等因素引起,绝大部分事故和事故人员伤亡发生在第Ⅰ和Ⅱ类危险生产设施内。俄罗斯围绕工业技术类事故防控建立的风险导向型监管机制提高了行政效率,运行效果良好。研究结果对提高我国金属非金属矿山工业本质安全生产水平具有一定的借鉴意义。

To reveal the rules and safety supervision of accidents in Russia’s metal and nonmetal mining industry based on the Russian official statistical data,the current situation of safety production and safety supervision in the period from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed.Results showed that the number of industrial accidents and casualties in Russia’s metal and non-metal mining decreased year by year,while nonmetal mine was the most dangerous disaster area.The accidents mainly happened in underground mines,which caused the most serious casualties.Ore body caving,transportation operation and mechanical injury,falling from height and drowning were the most serious injury factors.The accidents were mainly caused by“unsafe behavior”and“management loopholes”.Most of the accidents and casualties happened in level I andⅡhazardous production facilities.At the same time,the risk oriented supervision mechanism established by Russia for cotrolling the industrial and technological accidents had improved the administrative efficiency and achieved good results.The research results can be used as references for improving the intrinsically safe production of China’s metal and nonmetal mine industry.