三聚氰胺植酸改性硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of melamine phytic acid modified rigid polyurethane foam

以生物质植酸与三聚氰胺为原料制备三聚氰胺植酸(MPA),用于改性硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)制备RPUF/MPA复合材料。通过接触角、极限氧指数(LOI)、水平垂直燃烧仪、热分析仪(TG)、烟密度测试、热分析仪傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(TGFTIR)及炭渣扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试,研究MPA对RPUF/MPA复合材料疏水性、阻燃性能、热稳定性、裂解气相产物、产烟特性及炭层形貌的影响。结果表明:RPUF/MPA复合材料的疏水性有了很大提升。当加入30 g MPA时,RPUF/MPA复合材料的极限氧指数提升至21.9%,垂直燃烧(UL-94)等级达到V-1级别,700℃时的残炭率从12.4%提升至20.6%,有效降低有毒气体及可燃性气体的释放,烟密度等级由40.06降低至19.02。MPA的添加促使复合材料形成了致密厚实的膨胀炭层,有效提高其火灾安全性。

To modify rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF)and prepare RPUF/MPA composites,melamine phytic acid(MPA)was prepared by biomass phytic acid and melamine as raw materials.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis showed that MPA was successfully prepared.The effects of MPA on the hydrophobicity,flame retardancy,thermal stability,pyrolysis gas products,smoke production characteristics and carbon layer morphology of RPUF/MPA composites were studied by contact angle,limiting oxygen index(LOI),horizontal and vertical burner,thermogravimetric analysis(TG),smoke density test,thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(TG-FTIR)and carbon slag scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results showed that the hydrophobicity of RPUF/MPA composites was greatly improved.When 30 g MPA was added,the LOI of RPUF/MPA increased to 21.9%,UL-94 reached V-1 level,and the char residues at 700℃increased from 12.4%to 20.6%,which effectively reduced the release of toxic and combustible gas,and the smoke density grade decreased from 40.06 to 19.02.The addition of MPA promoted the formation of dense and thick expanded carbon layer,which effectively improved the fire safety of composites.