圈养大熊猫幼仔的早期体重变化

Changes in body weight of captive giant panda cubs at early age

大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)幼仔快速生长发育是在进化过程中形成的有利于种群长期保存的生存策略(胡锦矗,2001)。大熊猫幼仔的体重是衡量其生长发育的重要指标之一,也是调整圈养大熊猫饲养管理的重要参考依据。在圈养条件下,大熊猫幼仔在0和1年龄级的死亡率分别为12.89%和18.37%(赵素芬等,2019),在30日龄内更高达22%(谢钟,2019)。

The mortality rates of captive giant panda cubs at 0 and 1 year old was 12.89%and 18.37%respectively,in order to improve survival rate and the nursing level of captive giant panda cubs,145 cubs born in 2000-2017 at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding were analyzed by grouping primarily body weight(W0<100,100≤W0<150,150≤W0<200,W0≥200)and gender.The results indicated that(1)the weight curves of giant panda cubs with different primarily body weights during 180 d were cubic functions.(2)Gender and primarily body weight of giant panda cubs had no interaction with the weight and average growth rate during 180 d.Gender did not affect the weight and their average growth rate of cubs,but the primarily body weight had a significant impact on the weight during 98 d and the average growth rate at the ascent stage(3-6 d),high-level stage(7-13 d),decline stage(14-45 d)and stabilization stage(46-180 d).The tokinaga of physiological weight loss was(1.77±0.67)d,and the day-age which weight recovered to primarily body weight was(4.59±1.23)d.(3)The primarily body weight and gender of giant panda cubs had no interaction on the maximum weight loss,the rate of maximum weight loss,the day-age of recovery to primarily body weight,the maximum growth rate and the day-age of maximum growth rate,but affected the day of maximum weight loss together.(4)Although the primarily body weight of giant panda cubs had a significant effect on the maximum weight loss,the day of maximum weight loss,the day-age of recovery to primarily body weight,and the maximum growth rate,it did not affect the rate of maximum weight loss and the day-age of maximum growth rate.Gender of giant panda cubs did not affect the maximum weight loss,the day-age of recovery to primarily body weight,the rate of maximum weight loss,the maximum growth rate and the day-age of maximum growth rate,but it did affect the day-age of maximum weight loss.These results indicated that the lower primarily body weight was,the less weight loss(maximum weight loss)would be,the faster speed with bottoming(the day of maximum weight loss)and recovery to primarily body weight(the day-age of recovery to primarily body weight)would be at early age.In addition,the lower primarily body weight was,the greater growth intensity of unit weight would be during the various stages at increasing growth rate,maintaining a high position,decreasing and tending to stabilize.The study revealed the characteristics of captive giant panda cubs in body weight at early age,and it provided abundant references for the early rearing of giant panda cubs.