新疆重点生态功能区生态补偿的空间选择研究

Spatial selection of ecological compensation in key ecological functional areas of Xinjiang

基于生态补偿空间选择的基本原理,从区域范畴、资金分配、生态价值3个方面,解析了新疆重点生态功能区的基本特征,并利用“效益成本比瞄准”法、“生态补偿优先等级”法定量分析新疆生态补偿优先等级。结果表明:“生态补偿优先等级”中,新疆生态补偿优先等级与转移支付资金分配基本一致,因忽略环境因素,使得优先补偿等级未获得充分的生态转移支付资金;“效益成本比瞄准”法中,因忽略民生因素和环境因素,新疆生态补偿优先等级与转移支付资金呈现不对等关系,但这一方法,能更好地解读后期生态补偿的区域选择。在分配转移支付资金时,应综合环境、民生因素,均衡生态补偿优先等级与转移支付资金,提高转移支付资金的使用效率,推进新疆生态环境持续优化。

Located in northwest China,59 key eco-functional areas of Xinjiang occupy an area of 1.16 million square kilometers at national and provincial levels.By 2019,some of these eco-functional areas showed signs of ecological degradation because the environment is vulnerable and the concentration of economy and population is low,posing a grievous threat to the environmental security of Xinjiang and China as a whole.Therefore,a study of the ecological compensation in key eco-functional areas in Xinjiang is vital to the preservation and recovery of the environment and promotion of sustainable economic and social models in Xinjiang.Based on the principle of spatial selection of ecological compensation,the goal of this study was to identify and interpret the basic characteristics of the key eco-functional areas in Xinjiang from the perspective of regional category,the distribution of capital,and the ecological value of the resource.Quantitative methods of“benefit-cost ratio targeting”and“priority of ecological compensation”were used to analyze the priority scales of ecological compensation in Xinjiang.The results show that the priority of ecological compensation in Xinjiang is consistent with the allocation of transfer payment funds provided by the analysis of“priority of ecological compensation”.Due to neglect of environmental factors,the priority of ecological compensation was presented with an inadequate ecological transfer payment.In the“benefit-cost ratio targeting”analysis,without considering livelihood and environmental factors,the priority of ecological compensation in Xinjiang was inconsistent with the transfer payment.However,the latter analysis can still help us understand the spatial choice of ecological compensation area in the ensuing period.When allocating transfer payment funds,environmental and livelihood factors should balance the priority of ecological compensation and transfer payment funds and improve the efficiency of transfer payment funds so as to promote a sustainable and optimal ecological environment in Xinjiang.