最低收购价政策对小麦生产效率的调节效应研究——基于我国小麦主产区省级面板数据的分析

Research on the Regulation Effect of Lowest Purchase Price Policy on Wheat Production Efficiency——Based on the Analysis of Provincial Panel Data of Main Wheat Producing Areas in China

完善最低收购价政策是保障我国粮食安全,调动农民种粮积极性的重要举措。本文以我国小麦主产区包含的14个省份1999-2018年省级面板数据为研究对象,利用调节效应模型,基于小麦最低收购价视角,研究农民粮食生产行为对小麦生产率的影响。研究发现:小麦最低收购价政策的调节作用,显著增加了农业机械化水平、财政支农水平;小麦价格对其生产效率的促进作用;减少农业化学品投入、农业劳动力占比对小麦生产效效率的抑制作用。对于最低收购价政策执行区而言,最低收购价政策对于激励农民的粮食生产积极性发挥了较好的政策效果,而对促进非执行区农民的粮食生产积极性效果不明显。最后,本文提出继续完善最低收购价政策,实施最低收购价动态监测机制。

Improving the minimum purchase price policy is an essential measure to ensure China’s food security and mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain. Based on the perspective of the lowest wheat purchase price, this paper uses the provincial panel data of 14 provinces’ main wheat producing areas from 1999 to 2018 as the research object and uses the moderating effect model to study the impact of farmers’ food production behavior on wheat productivity. The study found that the adjustment effect of the minimum purchase price policy for wheat has significantly increased the level of agricultural mechanization and the level of financial support for agriculture;the promotion of wheat prices on its production efficiency;the reduction of agricultural chemical input and the inhibitory effect of the proportion of agricultural labor force on wheat production efficiency. For the implementation areas of the minimum purchase price policy, this policy has played a better effect on stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers for grain production, but the effect on promoting the enthusiasm of farmers in non-implemented areas is not significant. Finally, this article gives suggestions on improving the minimum purchase price policy and implementing a dynamic monitoring mechanism for the minimum purchase price.