俄罗斯民族意识发轫的普遍主义图景

On Universalism in the Beginning of Russian Modern National Consciousness

俄罗斯民族意识发轫于俄国“西化”的现代化进程之中,但是作为一种回应,来自以东正教为内核的“斯拉夫主义”却成为俄罗斯民族有意识的、最为稳定的特质。要理解这一特征,就必须从两幅普遍主义图景——拜占庭范式和西方主义入手,前者实现了俄罗斯“双重身份”和自我主体性重构,并带来了历经西方化、社会主义等阶段始终保持稳定的“隐匿性”、“聚合性”的认同和特征;后者则通过追求西方为中心的标准化,导致了俄国国家社会“二元化”的“离散状态”,两种普遍主义图景的冲撞,为民族意识产生提供了差异化的动力。在伴随国家重构进程中,俄罗斯人的民族化,始终依赖于个体的“主我”与“客我”不断回归,实现着自我身份和意识的内在合一性。

Russian national consciousness originated in the process of“Westernization”.However,as a response,“Slavism”with Eastern Orthodox as its core has become the conscious and most stable characteristic of the Russian nation.To understand this feature,we must start with two universalism images:Byzantine paradigm and Westernization.The former reconstructed Russia’s“dual identity”and self subjectivity,bringing the identity and characteristics of“concealment”and“aggregation”which have been stable through the stages of Westernization and socialism;the latter led to the“discrete state”of the“dualization”of Russian state society by pursuing Western centered standardization.The collision between the two universalism images provided differentiated impetus for the generation of national consciousness.Along with the process of national reconstruction,the nationalization of Russians always depends on the constant return of individual“I”and“me”,realizing the internal unity of self-identity and consciousness.