乡村教师公共精神的历史发展、现实挑战及重塑路径

The Historical Development, Realistic Challenge and Remodeling Path of the Public Spirit of Rural Teachers

乡村文明建设是乡村振兴战略的重要内容,乡村教师作为“新乡贤”群体的重要组成部分,其公共精神对乡村文明建设具有重大价值。乡村教师公共精神经历了明清时期的逐渐彰显、清末至民国时期的减弱到复苏、新中国成立到“文革”前的升温、改革开放初期至20世纪90年代再次回温的历程。当前,由于乡村城镇化、教师专业化等各种因素的影响,乡村教师与乡土社会逐渐疏离、乡村教师公共角色逐渐退场成为其公共精神面临的主要现实挑战。乡村教师要在育人实践中提升自身公共精神,在乡村社会中萃取公共精神的养料,秉持“走出去、引进来”理念培植公共精神,从而为打造符合乡村振兴需要的“新乡贤”力量注入活力。

The construction of rural civilization is an important part of the rural revitalization strategy.As an important part of the group of“new rural sages”,the public spirit of rural teachers is of great value to the construction of rural civilization.The public spirit of rural teachers has gone through the course of the gradual manifestation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the weakening to revival from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the rising from the founding of the new China to the“Cultural Revolution”,and the revival from the beginning of reform and opening-up to the 1990s.Currently,the gradual alienation of rural teachers from rural society and the gradual withdrawal of the public role of rural teachers have become the main practical challenges of their public spirit due to the influence of various factors,such as rural urbanization and teachers’professionalization.Rural teachers should enhance their own public spirit in the practice of educating people,extract the nourishment of public spirit from rural society,and cultivate public spirit by adhering to the concept of“going out and bringing in”so as to inject vitality into the“new rural sages”that meet the needs of rural revitalization.