《中美经济贸易协议》与中国涉外行政的挑战

The Sino-US Economic and Trade Agreement and the Challenges of Chinese Foreign-Related Administration

一般认为,涉外行政是国家行政机关依据本国法在本国领土内针对涉外个人或组织实施的行政行为。加入WTO后,中国涉外行政较多地考虑国际法因素。《中美经济贸易协议》生效后,中国涉外行政集中凸显了两国经贸领域长期以来的结构性矛盾。第一,针对知识产权、技术转让、食品和农产品贸易、金融服务等领域的规定将影响中国涉外行政的实体内容与实施方式。第二,针对国内法域外效力及适用的规定将改变中国在特定领域的涉外行政管辖范围。针对不同事项,该协议不同程度地确认或限制了中国法的域外效力及适用,同时较为宽泛地承认了美国法的域外效力及适用。执行该协议使中国面临国内法及政策的合规压力,但也有助于据此构建更完善的涉外行政制度。

It is generally believed that Chinese foreign-related administration( hereinafter referred to as CFRA) is an administrative act carried out by a state administrative organ against a foreign-related individual or organization in its own territory in accordance with its domestic laws.After China’s accession to the WTO,international law has been given more consideration in CFRA.After the Sino-US Economic and Trade Agreement took effect,CFRA highlights the long-standing structural contradictions in the economic and trade fields between the two countries. First,regulations on intellectual property rights,technology transfer,food and agricultural trade,financial services and other fields will affect the substantive and procedural contents of CFRA.Second,provisions on the extraterritoriality and application of domestic laws have greatly affected the jurisdiction of CFRA in specific fields.For different matters,the agreement confirms or restricts the extraterritoriality and application of Chinese laws to different degrees,while more broadly recognizes the extraterritoriality and application of American laws.The implementation of the agreement puts China under compliance pressure from domestic laws and policies,but it also promotes the development of the CFRA system.