出口信用保险合同理赔条款的效力与适用——以“伯尔尼协会”成员单位的商业实践为借鉴

Validity and Application of the Claim Provisions in Export Credit Insurance Contracts——Taking the Commercial Practice of the Berne Union Members as Reference

我国通行的出口信用保险合同理赔条款由纠纷先决条款和定损核赔条款构成,二者皆可能拖延理赔过程,实践中争议较大。裁判者应当全面适用《保险法》第17条、第19条和第30条,按照"订入控制—内容控制—不利解释"的进路,并参考"伯尔尼协会"成员单位的商业实践,对两则条款进行效力评价与规制。纠纷先决条款和定损核赔条款在整体上应认定为有效,但部分内容不具有合理性,亟待保险人修改。在适用前者的情形下,后者无需叠加适用。

The claim provisions in export credit insurance contracts in China normally consist of the dispute resolution prerequisite clause and the waiting period clause,both of which could prolong the claim handling process,thereby being highly controversial in the industry.Courts and arbitration tribunals should fully apply Articles 17,19 and 30 of the Insurance Law by following the "conclusion control—content control—contra proferentem interpretation"approach in a correct logical order.The commercial practice of the Berne Union members should also be taken into consideration.The dispute resolution prerequisite clause and the waiting period clause should be generally treated as valid,whereas some of the wording is not reasonable and hence needs to be revised.Where the former applies,the latter need not apply.